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Absolute and attributable risks of heart failure incidence in relation to optimal risk factors

Aaron R Folsom1, Kazumasa Yamagishi, Atsushi Hozawa

  • 1Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn 55454, USA. folso001@umn.edu

Circulation. Heart Failure
|October 8, 2009
PubMed

Insights

Maintaining optimal cardiovascular risk factors significantly lowers heart failure incidence. Prioritizing prevention of elevated blood pressure, cholesterol, diabetes, and smoking is crucial for heart health.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular epidemiology
  • Public health
  • Preventive medicine

Background:

  • Epidemiological studies link coronary heart disease and stroke to elevated risk factors.
  • Optimal risk factors are associated with reduced cardiovascular events.
  • The impact of risk factors on heart failure incidence requires further documentation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between cardiovascular risk factor profiles and heart failure incidence.
  • To quantify the proportion of heart failure events attributable to suboptimal risk factors.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study cohort (n=13,460, aged 45-64).
  • Categorization of risk factors (blood pressure, cholesterol, diabetes, smoking, body mass) into optimal, borderline, and elevated.
  • Follow-up for hospitalized heart failure incidence over 16 years.

Main Results:

  • Only 4.9% (4-factor score) and 2.6% (5-factor score) of participants had optimal risk factors at baseline.
  • Optimal risk factors were associated with a significantly lower hazard of heart failure events (HR 0.18).
  • Suboptimal risk factors accounted for 77.1% (4-factor score) to 88.8% (5-factor score) of heart failure events.

Conclusions:

  • Middle-aged adults with optimal risk factors exhibit low heart failure incidence rates.
  • Emphasizes the importance of primary prevention strategies to mitigate risk factor development.
  • Supports intensified public health efforts to promote cardiovascular health and prevent heart failure.
Abstract

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