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Related Concept Videos

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology01:29

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction01:20

Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction

Mitral regurgitation is characterized by the backward circulation of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium during systole, a phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart contracts and pumps blood out of the chambers. This abnormal flow occurs primarily due to the dysfunction of the mitral valve or its supporting structures, which include the mitral leaflets, chordae tendineae, annulus, and papillary muscles.Etiology and Mechanisms:Primary Mitral Regurgitation: This type arises from...
Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction01:22

Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction

Mitral Valve Stenosis (MVS) is a heart condition where the mitral valve narrows, impeding blood circulation from the left atrium to the left ventricle. The etiology and pathophysiology of this condition are multifaceted, leading to a cascade of cardiovascular complications.Causes of Mitral Valve StenosisRheumatic Heart Disease: It is the main cause of mitral valve stenosis, particularly in developing nations. This condition arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory illness resulting from...
Pathophysiology of Heart Failure01:17

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure

Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...
Imbalances in Cardiac Output01:26

Imbalances in Cardiac Output

The heart's primary function is to pump blood throughout the body, maintaining a balance between blood sent out (cardiac output) and blood returning (venous return). If this balance is disrupted, it can result in congestive heart failure (CHF), a severe condition where the heart becomes an inefficient pump, leading to inadequate blood circulation.
CHF can occur due to the failure of either side of the heart. Left-side failure leads to pulmonary congestion—the right side continues to send blood...
Chambers of the Heart01:16

Chambers of the Heart

The human heart is a complex organ made up of four chambers: the right and left atria and the right and left ventricles. These internal chambers are separated by partitions known as the interatrial and interventricular septa. The exterior of the heart features a groove known as the coronary sulcus that demarcates the atria from the ventricles, while the anterior and posterior interventricular sulci distinguish between the two ventricles.
Deoxygenated blood from the body is received in the right...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Estimating Bilateral Atrial Function by Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Feature Tracking in Patients with Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation
08:10

Estimating Bilateral Atrial Function by Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Feature Tracking in Patients with Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation

Published on: July 20, 2022

Left atrial function in diastolic heart failure.

Mustafa Kurt1, Jianwen Wang, Guillermo Torre-Amione

  • 1Department of Cardiology, The Methodist DeBakey Heart Center, The Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA.

Circulation. Cardiovascular Imaging
|October 8, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Diastolic heart failure (DHF) involves abnormal left ventricular function. Increased left atrial stiffness and reduced LA(S) strain are key indicators differentiating DHF from diastolic dysfunction.

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Echocardiographic Assessment of Cardiac Anatomy and Function in Adult Rats
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Echocardiographic Assessment of Cardiac Anatomy and Function in Adult Rats

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Estimating Bilateral Atrial Function by Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Feature Tracking in Patients with Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation
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Estimating Bilateral Atrial Function by Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Feature Tracking in Patients with Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation

Published on: July 20, 2022

Echocardiographic Assessment of Cardiac Anatomy and Function in Adult Rats
08:09

Echocardiographic Assessment of Cardiac Anatomy and Function in Adult Rats

Published on: December 13, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Echocardiography
  • Heart Failure Research

Background:

  • Diastolic heart failure (DHF) is characterized by abnormal left ventricular (LV) structure and function.
  • Understanding the progression from asymptomatic dysfunction to heart failure requires better definition of transition markers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify noninvasive markers that can detect the transition to diastolic heart failure.
  • To differentiate between diastolic heart failure and diastolic dysfunction using echocardiographic parameters.

Main Methods:

  • Simultaneous echocardiography and right heart catheterization in 64 patients and 27 healthy controls.
  • Measurement of LV volumes, mass, left atrial (LA) volumes, ejection fraction (EF), annular atrial velocity (a'), and LA strain (LA(S), LA(A)).
  • Assessment of LA stiffness using ratios of wedge pressure to LA(S) strain and E/e' to LA(S) strain.

Main Results:

  • All patient groups showed increased LA volumes and depressed LA EF, a', and LA(A) strain compared to controls.
  • Left atrial systolic (LA(S)) strain was significantly lower in DHF patients.
  • Increased LA stiffness (invasive and noninvasive) was observed in DHF patients and correlated with pulmonary artery systolic pressure.

Conclusions:

  • Diastolic heart failure patients exhibit increased LV mass and LA volume compared to healthy controls.
  • Left atrial stiffness is the most accurate index for identifying DHF patients, distinguishing them from those with diastolic dysfunction.
  • Reduced LA(S) strain is a significant finding in DHF.