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Related Concept Videos

Chemical Shift: Internal References and Solvent Effects01:17

Chemical Shift: Internal References and Solvent Effects

In an NMR sample, precise measurement of the absolute absorption frequencies of nuclei is difficult. A standard internal reference compound is added, and the frequency difference between the reference signal and sample signals is measured.
The internal reference compound generally used in NMR spectroscopy is tetramethylsilane (TMS). TMS is preferred because it is chemically inert, soluble in NMR solvents, and easily removable. Also, the highly shielded methyl protons in TMS yield an intense...
Mechanistic Models: Compartment Models in Algorithms for Numerical Problem Solving01:29

Mechanistic Models: Compartment Models in Algorithms for Numerical Problem Solving

Mechanistic models play a crucial role in algorithms for numerical problem-solving, particularly in nonlinear mixed effects modeling (NMEM). These models aim to minimize specific objective functions by evaluating various parameter estimates, leading to the development of systematic algorithms. In some cases, linearization techniques approximate the model using linear equations.
In individual population analyses, different algorithms are employed, such as Cauchy's method, which uses a...
Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution: Problem Solving01:20

Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution: Problem Solving

Individual molecules in a gas move in random directions, but a gas containing numerous molecules has a predictable distribution of molecular speeds, which is known as the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution, f(v).
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Solubility Equilibria: Overview01:09

Solubility Equilibria: Overview

When a substance such as sodium chloride is added to water, it dissolves, forming an aqueous solution. The extent of dissolution is called solubility. The process of dissolution can exist in equilibrium, just like other chemical processes. Solubility equilibria are also called precipitation equilibria because the process of solubility can be reversible. The reverse of the solubility process is called precipitation.
Solubility is important in biological and environmental processes. A notable...
Solubility Equilibria03:07

Solubility Equilibria

Solubility equilibria are established when the dissolution and precipitation of a solute species occur at equal rates. These equilibria underlie many natural and technological processes, ranging from tooth decay to water purification. An understanding of the factors affecting compound solubility is, therefore, essential to the effective management of these processes. This section applies previously introduced equilibrium concepts and tools to systems involving dissolution and precipitation.
The...
Chemical and Solubility Equilibria02:21

Chemical and Solubility Equilibria

The free energy change associated with dissolving a solute in a liter of solvent is called the free energy of a solution, ΔGsolution. The overall ΔGsolution is expressed as the balance of ΔGinteraction against the always-favorable free-energy of mixing, ΔGmixing. Solution formation is favorable if  ΔGsolution is less than zero, whereas it is unfavorable if ΔGsolution is greater than zero. In short, for a solution to form and complete dissolution to take place, the Gibbs energy change must be...

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Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Computation of Atmospheric Concentrations of Molecular Clusters from ab initio Thermochemistry
12:11

Computation of Atmospheric Concentrations of Molecular Clusters from ab initio Thermochemistry

Published on: April 8, 2020

Solvent-shift Monte Carlo: a cluster algorithm for solvated systems.

Christopher Adam Hixson1, James P Benigni, David J Earl

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Center for Molecular and Materials Simulations, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics : PCCP
|October 8, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We developed solvent-shift Monte Carlo (SSMC), an efficient cluster algorithm for simulating solvated systems. This method significantly enhances phase space sampling in molecular simulations by combining solute conformational changes with solvent particle movement.

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Last Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Computation of Atmospheric Concentrations of Molecular Clusters from ab initio Thermochemistry
12:11

Computation of Atmospheric Concentrations of Molecular Clusters from ab initio Thermochemistry

Published on: April 8, 2020

Spatial Separation of Molecular Conformers and Clusters
10:37

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Published on: January 9, 2014

Multiscale Sampling of a Heterogeneous Water/Metal Catalyst Interface using Density Functional Theory and Force-Field Molecular Dynamics
10:52

Multiscale Sampling of a Heterogeneous Water/Metal Catalyst Interface using Density Functional Theory and Force-Field Molecular Dynamics

Published on: April 12, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Computational chemistry
  • Molecular modeling
  • Statistical mechanics

Background:

  • Simulating solvated systems is computationally demanding.
  • Existing methods struggle with efficient conformational sampling.
  • Accurate molecular simulations require effective phase space exploration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Introduce a novel cluster algorithm for efficient simulation of solvated systems.
  • Enhance the sampling of conformational space in molecular simulations.
  • Provide a method compatible with existing advanced sampling techniques.

Main Methods:

  • Developed the solvent-shift Monte Carlo (SSMC) algorithm.
  • SSMC involves conformational changes in the solute and concerted solvent particle movement.
  • The method ensures detailed balance and allows rotation around defined axes or planes.

Main Results:

  • SSMC significantly enhances phase space sampling in solvated systems.
  • The algorithm demonstrates improved efficiency in molecular simulations.
  • The method is versatile and can be integrated with other advanced sampling techniques.

Conclusions:

  • Solvent-shift Monte Carlo (SSMC) offers an efficient approach for simulating solvated systems.
  • The algorithm improves conformational sampling and phase space exploration.
  • SSMC provides a valuable tool for computational chemistry and molecular modeling research.