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Related Concept Videos

Speciation Rates01:07

Speciation Rates

Speciation can proceed at markedly different rates, and evolutionary biologists commonly describe these differences through the models of gradualism and punctuated equilibrium. Both patterns explain how new species arise, but they differ in the tempo and continuity of evolutionary change. In both cases, evolutionary change arises from heritable variation within populations, with natural selection often shaping traits that improve survival and reproduction under specific environmental conditions.
Genetics of Speciation02:16

Genetics of Speciation

Speciation is the evolutionary process resulting in the formation of new, distinct species—groups of reproductively isolated populations.The genetics of speciation involves the different traits or isolating mechanisms preventing gene exchange, leading to reproductive isolation. Reproductive isolation can be due to reproductive barriers that have effects either before or after the formation of a zygote. Pre-zygotic mechanisms prevent fertilization from occurring, and post-zygotic mechanisms...
Formation of Species01:31

Formation of Species

Speciation describes the formation of one or more new species from one or sometimes multiple original species. The resulting species are discrete from the parent species, and barriers to reproduction will typically exist. There are two primary mechanisms, speciation with and without geographic isolation—allopatric and sympatric speciation, respectively.Allopatric SpeciationIn allopatric speciation, gene flow between two populations of the same species is prevented by a geographic barrier, like...
Hybrid Zones02:29

Hybrid Zones

Hybrid zones are narrow regions where two closely related species interact, mate, and produce hybrids. Relative to either parent species, hybrids may possess distinct phenotypic or genetic differences that impact their survival and reproductive success. The genetic variances introduced by hybridization influence species diversity and speciation processes within the hybrid zone.Gene flow and natural selection are evolutionary mechanisms that shape the outcome of a hybrid zone. Gene flow...
The Evidence for Evolution02:55

The Evidence for Evolution

Genetic variations accumulating within populations over generations give rise to biological evolution. Evolutionary changes can result in the formation of novel varieties and entire new species. These changes are responsible for the diverse forms of life inhabiting the planet. The evidence for evolution suggests that all living organisms descended from common ancestors.The collection of fossils within sedimentary rocks give a record of common ancestry and often depicts the history of evolution.
Types of Selection01:46

Types of Selection

Natural selection influences the frequencies of particular alleles and phenotypes within populations in several different ways. Primarily, natural selection can be directional, stabilizing, or disruptive. Directional selection favors one extreme trait and shifts the population towards that phenotype while selecting against individuals displaying alternate traits. Stabilizing selection favors an intermediate trait with a narrow range of variation. Deviation from the optimal phenotype towards an...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Atom Probe Tomography Analysis of Exsolved Mineral Phases
08:14

Atom Probe Tomography Analysis of Exsolved Mineral Phases

Published on: October 25, 2019

Perspective on element speciation.

Bernhard Michalke1

  • 1Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Ecological Chemistry, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany. bernhard.michalke@helmholtz-muenchen.de

Journal of Environmental Monitoring : JEM
|October 8, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Trace element determination is crucial in environmental and life sciences, impacting ecosystems and health. Accurately measuring these elements, even at trace levels, presents significant analytical challenges due to complex matrices.

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Metal-silicate Partitioning at High Pressure and Temperature: Experimental Methods and a Protocol to Suppress Highly Siderophile Element Inclusions
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Metal-silicate Partitioning at High Pressure and Temperature: Experimental Methods and a Protocol to Suppress Highly Siderophile Element Inclusions

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Sciences
  • Life Sciences
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Trace elements are vital in biological activities, environmental chemistry, and material science.
  • Their minimal concentrations significantly influence ecosystems and organismal functions.
  • Accurate determination is essential for understanding pathophysiological processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the importance of trace element determination.
  • To underscore the challenges in analyzing trace elements within complex matrices.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of biological and environmental samples.
  • Focus on techniques for detecting elements at ng kg(-1) concentrations.

Main Results:

  • Trace elements exert fundamental influence despite low concentrations.
  • High concentrations of matrix compounds complicate trace element analysis.

Conclusions:

  • Trace element analysis is indispensable in environmental and life sciences.
  • Overcoming matrix interference is key for accurate trace element quantification.