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Incidence and outcome of arthritis in meningococcal disease

Ritika Sud1, M K Bhatnagar, Alok Sud

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Lady Hardinge Medical College and Associated Hospitals, New Delhi 110001.

Journal of the Indian Medical Association
|October 9, 2009
PubMed

Insights

Meningococcal meningitis outbreaks can cause arthritis in 20% of patients. Early diagnosis and treatment of this joint complication are crucial for a full recovery without lasting deformities.

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Rheumatology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Meningococcal outbreaks pose significant public health risks in Delhi and surrounding areas.
  • Meningococcal disease can present with various manifestations, including meningitis, vasculitis, dermatitis, and arthritis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the frequency, characteristics, and long-term outcomes of joint involvement during the May 2005 meningococcal outbreak in New Delhi.
  • To assess the impact of arthritis as a complication of meningococcal disease.

Main Methods:

  • A study was conducted on 24 patients with confirmed meningococcal disease admitted between May and August 2005.
  • Patients were monitored for the occurrence and outcomes of joint involvement, with follow-up evaluations for complications.

Main Results:

  • Arthritis was observed in 20% of the patients, a higher frequency than previously reported.
  • Diplococci were identified in joint aspirates of all patients who developed arthritis.
  • All cases presented as acute septic arthritis and healed completely without residual deformity after arthrotomy.

Conclusions:

  • Acute septic arthritis is a notable complication during meningococcal meningitis outbreaks, requiring a high index of suspicion.
  • Prompt diagnosis and effective management, including arthrotomy, are essential for favorable outcomes and preventing complications.

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