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Related Concept Videos

Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:26

Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

Renal calculi, commonly termed kidney stones, are crystalline solid masses that form in the kidneys but can occur at any point within the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.The pathophysiology of renal stones involves several key factors: supersaturation of the urine with stone-forming constituents, changes in urine pH, a decrease in urine volume, and the presence of substances that promote or inhibit stone formation.Supersaturation of Urine: This is the...
Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction01:25

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis characterized by the thyroid gland's overproduction of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This hormone excess increases the basal metabolic rate and enhances sensitivity to catecholamines.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on clinical features and biochemical testing. It typically shows suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.4 mIU/L, with elevated free T3 and/or T4. Additional tests, including thyroid...
Diabetic Ketoacidosis l: Introduction01:25

Diabetic Ketoacidosis l: Introduction

DefinitionDiabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is an acute, life-threatening complication of diabetes mellitus, characterized by a triad of hyperglycemia (blood glucose >250 mg/dL), ketonemia or ketonuria, and metabolic acidosis (arterial pH <7.30 and serum bicarbonate <18 mEq/L). It results from insulin deficiency combined with elevated levels of counterregulatory hormones—glucagon, catecholamines, cortisol, and growth hormone—leading to increased lipolysis, hepatic ketone production, and...
Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:27

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...
Urinary Tract Calculi IV: Nutrition Therapy and Prevention01:27

Urinary Tract Calculi IV: Nutrition Therapy and Prevention

Management of renal calculi focuses on effective strategies like tailored nutrition and hydration therapy. Adjusting diet and fluid intake reduces stone formation and recurrence, making these interventions simple yet powerful in kidney stone prevention and management.Understanding Kidney StonesKidney stones form when calcium, oxalate, uric acid, and cystine concentrate and crystallize in urine. Factors contributing to their formation include genetic predisposition, certain medical conditions,...
Urinary Tract Calculi I: Introduction01:28

Urinary Tract Calculi I: Introduction

Renal calculi, or kidney stones, are solid deposits of minerals and salts formed inside the kidneys. In medical terminology, "calculus" refers to the stone itself, while "lithiasis" describes the process of stone formation. Depending on their location within the urinary system, these stones may be classified as either urolithiasis, when situated within the urinary tract, or nephrolithiasis, when located within the kidneys. Each term signifies the specific impact of the stone.Predisposition...

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Related Experiment Videos

Iatrogenic hypercalcaemia--a case report.

Milind M Deshpande1

  • 1Vivekanand General Hospital, Hubli 580629.

Journal of the Indian Medical Association
|October 9, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Iatrogenic hypercalcemia, a condition caused by medical treatment, can arise from inadvertently prescribed vitamins. This case highlights the potential dangers of vitamin overprescription, emphasizing careful medical guidance.

Related Experiment Videos

Area of Science:

  • Internal Medicine
  • Endocrinology
  • Clinical Case Reports

Background:

  • Hypercalcemia is a metabolic disorder with various causes, including iatrogenic factors.
  • Neurological symptoms like pain and paresthesia can be associated with hypercalcemia.
  • The role of vitamin supplementation in metabolic health requires careful consideration.

Observation:

  • A 63-year-old female presented with low back pain and intermittent bilateral lower limb paresthesia.
  • The patient's symptoms were linked to iatrogenic hypercalcemia.
  • Inadvertent vitamin prescription was identified as the likely cause.

Findings:

  • The case demonstrates a direct correlation between vitamin overprescription and the development of hypercalcemia.
  • Diagnostic workup confirmed elevated calcium levels attributed to the prescribed vitamins.
  • Literature review supports the potential for vitamin-induced hypercalcemia.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the critical need for judicious vitamin prescribing practices.
  • Healthcare providers should be vigilant for potential adverse effects of high-dose vitamin supplementation.
  • Raising awareness about iatrogenic causes of hypercalcemia is crucial for patient safety.