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Related Concept Videos

Analgesia and Pain Management01:25

Analgesia and Pain Management

Pain is critical to various clinical pathologies, provoking an urgent need for effective management. Pain, whether acute or chronic, is a complex neurochemical process. Its alleviation depends on the type, with nonopioid analgesics effective for mild to moderate pain, such as musculoskeletal or inflammatory pain, while neuropathic pain responds best to anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, or serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. For severe acute or chronic pain, opioids may be...
Nociception01:44

Nociception

Nociception—the ability to feel pain—is essential for an organism’s survival and overall well-being. Noxious stimuli such as piercing pain from a sharp object, heat from an open flame, or contact with corrosive chemicals are first detected by sensory receptors, called nociceptors, located on nerve endings. Nociceptors express ion channels that convert noxious stimuli into electrical signals. When these signals reach the brain via sensory neurons, they are perceived as pain. Thus, pain helps the...
Pain01:20

Pain

Pain serves as a critical warning signal that alerts the body to potential or actual harm. When mechanical pressure on the skin is intense, such as from a sharp pinch, the sensation transitions from touch to pain. Similarly, extreme temperatures, like a hot pot handle, convert the sensation of heat into pain. Pain can also result from overstimulation of other senses, such as blinding light, loud noise, or the intense heat from habañero peppers. This ability to sense pain is essential for...

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Related Experiment Video

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Optimizing Photoneuromodulation Techniques to Evaluate the Role of Green Light-Emitting Diodes in Pain Management
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Neuromodulation for central pain.

S Canavero1, V Bonicalzi

  • 1Turin Advanced Neuromodulation Group, via Montemagno 46, 10132, Turin, Italy. solara@infinito.it

Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics
|October 9, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Central pain, a challenging condition after brain and spinal cord injury, often requires neuromodulation when medications fail. This review details electrical and chemical neuromodulatory techniques for effective pain management.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Pain Medicine
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Central pain syndrome affects millions globally following neurological injury.
  • It is often refractory to conventional oral pharmacotherapy.
  • Current treatment options are limited, necessitating advanced interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the spectrum of neuromodulatory techniques for central pain.
  • To provide guidelines for clinicians managing refractory central pain.
  • To enhance understanding of neuromodulation among pain therapists.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive review of existing literature on neuromodulation for central pain.
  • Inclusion of techniques such as cortical, deep brain, and spinal cord stimulation.
  • Discussion of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, electroconvulsion, and intrathecal drug delivery.

Main Results:

  • Neuromodulation offers a viable therapeutic avenue when oral drugs are ineffective.
  • Various electrical stimulation methods (cortical, deep brain, spinal cord, TENS) show promise.
  • Chemical neuromodulation via intrathecal drug pumps is a key alternative.

Conclusions:

  • Neuromodulation encompasses a range of effective treatments for central pain.
  • A thorough understanding of these techniques is crucial for pain physicians.
  • This review offers rational guidelines for implementing neuromodulatory therapies.