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Related Concept Videos

Phagocytosis of Apoptotic Cells01:17

Phagocytosis of Apoptotic Cells

Cells undergoing apoptosis form apoptotic bodies that must be removed immediately to prevent inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and necrosis. Phagocytosis is carried out by professional phagocytes such as macrophages or  immature dendritic cells. Non-professional phagocytes such as  epithelial cells and fibroblasts also take part in this process; however, they are not as effective as professional phagocytes. 
Normal cells contain receptors that prevent them from being recognized by phagocytes.
Receptor Downregulation in MVBs01:15

Receptor Downregulation in MVBs

Multivesicular bodies (MVBs) are mature endosomes that sort ubiquitinated proteins and then fuse with lysosomes to degrade the sorted proteins. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and its receptor (EGFR) form a complex that can be internalized through endocytosis, sorted into an MVB, and later degraded.
The EGFR can initiate signaling pathways that  lead to cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Overexpression of EGFR  stimulates cells to proliferate. Excessive  EGFR activation may...
The Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway01:17

The Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway

The extrinsic apoptotic pathway is initiated when extracellular death-inducing signals, such as specific cytokines, activate the death receptors expressed on the cell surface. The immune cells involved in this pathway are natural killer cells (NK cells) and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. NK cells are critical in innate immune response, while cytotoxic T-lymphocytes are associated with adaptive immune response. These cells recognize specific receptors expressed on the altered cells and activate...

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Apototic cell-derived membrane vesicles induce CD83 expression on human mdDC.

Eva-Marie Fehr1, Sonja Kierschke, Regina Max

  • 1Department of Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.

Autoimmunity
|October 9, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Apoptotic cell-derived membrane vesicles (ACdMV) accumulate in autoimmune diseases due to defective phagocytosis. These vesicles interact with dendritic cells (DCs), potentially driving inflammation.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Autoimmune Diseases

Background:

  • Apoptotic cell death involves shedding membrane vesicles, also known as membrane blebbing.
  • These vesicles contain autoantigens and are normally cleared by phagocytes.
  • Defective phagocytosis is implicated in autoimmune diseases like systemic lupus erythematosus.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the interaction between apoptotic cell-derived membrane vesicles (ACdMV) and myeloid dendritic cells (DCs).

Main Methods:

  • ACdMV were isolated from apoptotic lymphocytes.
  • Isolated ACdMV were morphologically characterized (average size 500 nm).
  • ACdMV were co-incubated with immature dendritic cells (iDCs).

Main Results:

  • ACdMV were characterized as membrane-coated vesicles.
  • Co-incubation with iDCs induced CD83 surface expression on dendritic cells.
  • Accumulation of ACdMV may contribute to inflammatory immune responses.

Conclusions:

  • Apoptotic cell-derived membrane vesicles interact with dendritic cells.
  • This interaction, particularly in the context of defective phagocytosis, may promote inflammation in autoimmune diseases.