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MicroRNAs

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...

MicroRNAs

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...

MicroRNAs

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...

Microbiota of the Respiratory Tract

Microbiota of the Respiratory Tract

The human respiratory tract, comprising the upper and lower segments, serves as a critical interface with the external environment. The upper respiratory tract (URT)—including the nostrils, sinuses, pharynx, and oropharynx—is heavily colonized by microbes, while the lower respiratory tract (LRT), composed of the larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs, was long thought to be sterile. However, recent molecular studies have revealed that the lungs are not devoid of microbes but act more like...

Microvilli

Microvilli

Microvilli are tiny finger-like projections found on the surface of certain cells. Their purpose is to increase the surface area of the cell's apical surface, resulting in more effective absorption or secretion of substances.
These microvilli are predominantly present in cells lining the small intestine, kidney tubules, and certain cells in the respiratory and reproductive systems. By significantly expanding the surface area of the cell membrane, microvilli enhance the cell's capacity to...

Microbiome of the Eye

Microbiome of the Eye

The human eye has a specialized microbiota that reflects its unique anatomical and immunological environment. This low-biomass microbial community predominantly colonizes the conjunctiva and eyelid margins, playing a vital role in ocular surface homeostasis and defense. Despite its proximity to the richly colonized facial skin, the ocular surface maintains a distinct microbial profile due to continuous mechanical and biochemical defense mechanisms.The conjunctival surface hosts fewer microbial...

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Infection of Primary Nasal Epithelial Cells Grown at an Air-Liquid Interface to Characterize Human Coronavirus-Host Interactions

Infection of Primary Nasal Epithelial Cells Grown at an Air-Liquid Interface to Characterize Human Coronavirus-Host Interactions

Published on: September 22, 2023

MicroRNAs and Epithelial Immunity.

Jun Liu¹, Kristen M Drescher, Xian-Ming Chen

¹Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68178, USA.

International Reviews of Immunology

|October 9, 2009

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

MicroRNAs are crucial for maintaining the epithelial barrier and its antimicrobial defenses. Understanding their role in epithelial immunity and disease pathogenesis is key to advancing epithelial immunobiology.

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Area of Science:

* Molecular Biology
* Immunology
* Dermatology

Background:

* MicroRNAs play a vital role in the development and maintenance of the epithelial barrier.
* Epithelial cells possess antimicrobial defenses regulated by intracellular signaling pathways and effector molecules.
* Dysregulated microRNA expression is linked to skin and mucosal diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

* To investigate the role of microRNAs in regulating epithelial antimicrobial defenses.
* To explore how microRNAs target effector molecules and influence signaling pathways in epithelial cells.
* To identify microRNAs with pathogenetic significance in epithelial barrier diseases.

Main Methods:

* Review of existing literature on microRNA function in epithelial biology.
* Analysis of microRNA interactions with epithelial effector molecules.
* Investigation of microRNA involvement in intracellular signaling pathways relevant to immunity.

Main Results:

* MicroRNAs are essential regulators of epithelial barrier function and immune responses.
* MicroRNAs modulate antimicrobial peptide production and inflammatory signaling.
* Specific microRNAs are implicated in the development of inflammatory skin and mucosal conditions.

Conclusions:

* MicroRNAs are critical components of epithelial immunoregulation.
* Targeting specific microRNAs may offer therapeutic strategies for epithelial barrier disorders.
* Further research into microRNA-mediated epithelial immunity will advance understanding of immunobiology and immunopathology.