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Muscle forces or gravity: what predominates mechanical loading on bone?

Wendy M Kohrt1, Daniel W Barry, Robert S Schwartz

  • 1Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA. wendy.kohrt@ucdenver.edu

Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise
|October 9, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Impact and muscle loading from physical activity may both benefit bone strength. Activities combining impact forces with muscle engagement appear most effective for bone health and reducing fracture risk, though more research is needed.

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Area of Science:

  • Bone physiology
  • Skeletal biomechanics
  • Exercise science

Background:

  • Mechanical forces from gravity and muscle contractions are key to bone health.
  • Understanding which loading type is more effective for bone strength is crucial for osteoporosis prevention and treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate human studies on the effectiveness of physical activity for bone health.
  • To determine if gravitational loading or muscle loading is superior for preserving bone strength.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing human research on physical activity and bone health.
  • Analysis of studies differentiating between gravitational and muscle loading effects.

Main Results:

  • Conclusive evidence distinguishing the primary effectiveness of gravitational versus muscle loading is lacking.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Research suggests activities involving impact forces, which combine both loading types, show the most promise.

    • Conclusions:

    • Physical activities that incorporate impact forces and muscle engagement are likely most beneficial for bone metabolism.
    • These combined loading activities may reduce fracture risk, offering potential therapeutic strategies for osteoporosis.