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Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
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Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...
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Research advances in geriatric depression.

George S Alexopoulos1, Robert E Kelly

  • 1Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 21 Bloomingdale Road, White Plains, NY 10605, USA.

World Psychiatry : Official Journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA)
|October 9, 2009
PubMed
Summary

This review covers new biological and psychosocial treatments for geriatric depression, including advanced therapies and psychotherapy. It highlights progress in understanding the condition and improving community care access for older adults.

Keywords:
Geriatric depressioncardiovascular diseasecerebrovascular diseaselate-life depressionlate-onset depressionmagnetic resonance imagingpost-stroke depressiontreatmentvascular depression

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Area of Science:

  • Geriatric psychiatry
  • Neuroscience
  • Psychotherapy research

Background:

  • Technical advancements enable deeper exploration of geriatric depression factors.
  • Novel biological and psychosocial treatment strategies are emerging for older adults with depression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in geriatric depression research.
  • To summarize novel treatment interventions and their effectiveness.
  • To discuss neuroimaging techniques and community care models.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of epidemiological, genetic, and biological research.
  • Summary of various treatment modalities: electroconvulsive therapy, transcranial magnetic stimulation, vagus nerve stimulation, deep brain stimulation, and psychotherapy.
  • Discussion of neuroimaging techniques (MRI-based) and community care models.

Main Results:

  • Significant progress in understanding the epidemiology, genetics, and biological underpinnings of geriatric depression.
  • A wide array of treatment options are available, including established and novel interventions.
  • Neuroimaging provides insights into brain structure and function in geriatric depression.
  • New models aim to enhance community-based care access and quality.

Conclusions:

  • Continued research and technological advancements are crucial for improving geriatric depression treatment.
  • Multidisciplinary and personalized approaches are key to effective management.
  • Enhancing community-based care delivery is essential for better outcomes in older adults.