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Alcohol and drug interactions.

M J Mattila1

  • 1Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Helsinki, Finland.

Annals of Medicine
|January 1, 1990
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ethyl alcohol interactions with drugs can alter drug effects and toxicity through pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic changes. Acute alcohol may inhibit drug metabolism, while chronic use can induce it, leading to varied drug responses.

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Toxicology
  • Drug Interactions

Background:

  • Drug interactions with ethyl alcohol are frequent and clinically significant.
  • Consequences depend on drug properties, doses, and administration routes.
  • Interactions can be pharmacokinetic (affecting drug concentrations) or pharmacodynamic (affecting drug actions).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mechanisms and consequences of ethyl alcohol interactions with various drugs.
  • To differentiate between pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions.
  • To highlight the impact of acute versus chronic alcohol consumption on drug metabolism.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions between ethyl alcohol and drugs.
  • Analysis of how alcohol affects drug absorption, distribution, and metabolism.

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  • Examination of tissue-level interactions and enzyme induction/inhibition.

    • Main Results:

    • Pharmacokinetic interactions alter drug or alcohol tissue concentrations, potentially causing toxicity.
    • Acute alcohol intake can inhibit microsomal drug metabolism, enhancing drug effects.
    • Chronic alcohol consumption often induces cytochrome P-450 II E1, accelerating metabolism and potentially reducing drug effects.

    Conclusions:

    • Alcohol-drug interactions significantly impact therapeutic outcomes and toxicity.
    • Understanding the timing and pattern of alcohol consumption is crucial for predicting interaction effects.
    • Alcohol's induction of hepatic enzymes can influence the metabolism of endogenous compounds and potentially lead to carcinogenicity.