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Related Concept Videos

Energy Bands in Solids01:01

Energy Bands in Solids

Isolated atoms have discrete energy levels that are well described by the Bohr model. And, it quantifies the energy of an electron in a hydrogen atom as En. Higher quantum numbers 'n' yield less negative, closer electron energy levels.
 Band Formation:
When atoms are brought close together, as in a solid, these discrete energy levels begin to split due to the overlap of electron orbitals from adjacent atoms. This split occurs because of the Pauli exclusion principle, which states that no two...
Band Theory02:35

Band Theory

When two or more atoms come together to form a molecule, their atomic orbitals combine and molecular orbitals of distinct energies result. In a solid, there are a large number of atoms, and therefore a large number of atomic orbitals that may be combined into molecular orbitals. These groups of molecular orbitals are so closely placed together to form continuous regions of energies, known as the bands.
The energy difference between these bands is known as the band gap.
Conductor, Semiconductor,...
UV–Vis Spectrum01:30

UV–Vis Spectrum

When light passes through a substance, a portion of the light is absorbed while the remaining light is reflected or transmitted. If the molecule absorbs light between the wavelengths of 180–400 nm range, the UV spectrum is obtained, and if it absorbs light in the 400–780 nm wavelength range, the visible spectrum is obtained.     
The UV–Vis spectrum of a molecule is the plot of its absorbance versus wavelength. The plot is drawn by taking molar absorptivity (ε) or log ε on the y-axis (ordinate)...
Diamagnetism01:26

Diamagnetism

Materials consisting of paired electrons have zero net magnetic moments. However, when these materials are placed under an external magnetic field, the moments opposite to the field are induced. Such materials are called diamagnets. Diamagnetism is the response of the diamagnets when placed in an external magnetic field.
Diamagnetism was discovered by Anton Brugmans in 1778 when he observed that bismuth gets repelled by magnetic fields, thus theorizing that diamagnets get repelled by magnets.
UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Woodward–Fieser Rules01:29

UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Woodward–Fieser Rules

UV–Visible absorption spectra of conjugated dienes arise from the lowest energy π → π* transitions. The light-absorbing part of the molecule is called the chromophore, and the substituents directly attached to the chromophore are called auxochromes. A strong correlation exists between the absorption maxima, λmax, and the structure of a conjugated π system. The Woodward–Fieser rules predict the value of λmax for a given structure by adding the contributions...
Current Dividers01:10

Current Dividers

In parallel electrical connections, resistors are linked between the same pair of nodes, creating an equal voltage across each resistor. Kirchhoff's current law is applied to these connections, establishing that the sum of currents through these resistors equals the source current. Utilizing Ohm's law, the source current is determined as the product of the source voltage and the sum of the reciprocals of individual resistances. This relationship simplifies the process of finding the current...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Atomic Layer Deposition of Vanadium Dioxide and a Temperature-dependent Optical Model
11:10

Atomic Layer Deposition of Vanadium Dioxide and a Temperature-dependent Optical Model

Published on: May 23, 2018

Visible bands of divanadium.

Walter J Balfour, Runhua Li

    The Journal of Chemical Physics
    |October 10, 2009
    PubMed
    Summary

    Laser-induced fluorescence revealed new electronic spectra for the V2 molecule, specifically the (3)Sigma(u)(-) - X (3)Sigma(g)(-) transition. Rotational analyses confirmed these assignments for the diatomic vanadium molecule.

    Area of Science:

    • Molecular Spectroscopy
    • Quantum Chemistry
    • Laser-Induced Fluorescence

    Background:

    • Investigating the electronic structure of diatomic molecules like V2 is crucial for understanding chemical bonding and reaction dynamics.
    • Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) is a powerful technique for probing excited electronic states of molecules.

    Discussion:

    • The observed fluorescence spectra between 570 and 620 nm were attributed to the (3)Sigma(u)(-) - X (3)Sigma(g)(-) electronic transition in the V2 molecule.
    • This assignment provides new insights into the electronic energy levels and potential energy surfaces of diatomic vanadium.

    Key Insights:

    • The study successfully identified and characterized the (3)Sigma(u)(-) - X (3)Sigma(g)(-) electronic transition in the V2 molecule.
    • Dispersed fluorescence data and subsequent rotational analyses provided high-resolution spectral information, confirming the molecular assignments.

    More Related Videos

    Fabrication of VB2/Air Cells for Electrochemical Testing
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    Fabrication of VB2/Air Cells for Electrochemical Testing

    Published on: August 5, 2013

    Co-localizing Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy with Other Microscopies and Spectroscopies: Selected Applications in Corrosion Characterization of Alloys
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    Co-localizing Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy with Other Microscopies and Spectroscopies: Selected Applications in Corrosion Characterization of Alloys

    Published on: June 27, 2022

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jun 19, 2026

    Atomic Layer Deposition of Vanadium Dioxide and a Temperature-dependent Optical Model
    11:10

    Atomic Layer Deposition of Vanadium Dioxide and a Temperature-dependent Optical Model

    Published on: May 23, 2018

    Fabrication of VB2/Air Cells for Electrochemical Testing
    09:04

    Fabrication of VB2/Air Cells for Electrochemical Testing

    Published on: August 5, 2013

    Co-localizing Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy with Other Microscopies and Spectroscopies: Selected Applications in Corrosion Characterization of Alloys
    12:18

    Co-localizing Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy with Other Microscopies and Spectroscopies: Selected Applications in Corrosion Characterization of Alloys

    Published on: June 27, 2022

    Outlook:

    • Further spectroscopic studies can elucidate other electronic states of V2, aiding in theoretical calculations.
    • Understanding the V2 molecule's properties can contribute to fields like materials science and catalysis involving vanadium.