Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Formation of Lipopolysaccharides01:19

Formation of Lipopolysaccharides

Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are crucial components of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, serving both structural and functional roles. It contributes to membrane stability and protects bacteria from host immune responses. LPS is composed of three major regions—lipid A, a core oligosaccharide, and an O antigen. The biosynthesis and assembly of LPS involve a highly coordinated set of enzymatic reactions and transport mechanisms. Additionally, LPS is recognized as an endotoxin, triggering...
Oligosaccharide Assembly01:24

Oligosaccharide Assembly

Protein glycosylation starts in the ER lumen and continues in the Golgi apparatus. Glycosyltransferases catalyze the addition of sugar molecules or glycosylation of proteins. Usually, these enzymes add sugars to the hydroxyl groups of selected serine or threonine residues to form O-linked glycans or the amino groups of asparagine residues to form N-linked glycans. Different positions on the same polypeptide chain can contain differently linked glycans.
Multiple sugar molecules that may or may...
Peptidoglycan Synthesis01:28

Peptidoglycan Synthesis

Structure of PeptidoglycanPeptidoglycan is a vital structural component of the bacterial cell wall, providing mechanical strength and shape to the cell. It consists of repeating units of two sugars—N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) and N-acetylmuramic acid (NAM)—linked by β-1,4 glycosidic bonds. These sugar chains are cross-linked by short peptide chains, forming a mesh-like polymer that surrounds the bacterial plasma membrane.Cytoplasmic Phase – Precursor SynthesisPeptidoglycan biosynthesis begins in...
Biosynthesis of Polysaccharides01:26

Biosynthesis of Polysaccharides

Polysaccharides such as glycogen and starch are synthesized from nucleoside diphosphate sugars, primarily uridine diphosphate glucose (UDPG) and adenosine diphosphate glucose (ADPG). These activated glucose donors act as key intermediates in carbohydrate metabolism and biosynthesis. UDPG primarily involves glycogen synthesis in animals and many bacteria, while ADPG plays a fundamental role in starch synthesis in plants and certain bacteria.UDPG is formed when glucose-1-phosphate reacts with...
Biosynthesis of Lipids01:29

Biosynthesis of Lipids

Microbial membranes exhibit remarkable diversity in lipid composition, reflecting evolutionary adaptations to various environmental conditions. The three domains of life—Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya—synthesize membrane lipids through distinct biosynthetic pathways, leading to fundamental structural differences that impact membrane stability, function, and adaptability.Fatty Acid-Based Lipids in Bacteria and EukaryaBacteria and eukaryotes share a common fatty acid biosynthesis pathway, which...
Protein Glycosylation01:25

Protein Glycosylation

Glycosylation, the most common post-translational modification for proteins, serves diverse functions. Adding sugars to proteins makes the proteins more resistant to proteolytic digestion. Glycosylated proteins can act as markers and receptors to promote cell-cell adhesion. Additionally, they have many essential quality control functions in the cell, such as correct protein folding and facilitating transport of misfolded proteins to the cytosol, which can be degraded.
Glycosylation occurs in...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Identification of <i>IL7R</i> as a key genetic risk locus in childhood steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome and IgA nephropathy.

Frontiers in immunology·2026
Same author

Evaluating the Performance of Large Language Models for Breast Cancer Patient Education: A Comparative Study.

Journal of cancer education : the official journal of the American Association for Cancer Education·2026
Same author

Effects of <i>Allium mongolicum</i> Essential Oil on Meat Quality and Flavor-Related Free Amino Acids in Finishing Lambs.

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI·2026
Same author

Replacing Dietary Roughage with Barley Hay Affects Rumen Fermentation, Microbial Community, Serum Immune and Antioxidant Status in Sheep.

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI·2026
Same author

<i>Allium mongolicum</i> Regel-Mediated Rumen Microbiota Intervention Modulates Hepatic Metabolome to Reduce 4-Alkyl Branched-Chain Fatty Acids in Lamb <i>Longissimus Thoracis</i> Muscle.

Foods (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Enzyme/pH dual-stimuli responsive prochloraz nanopesticide controlled release system for kiwifruit soft rot disease control.

Pest management science·2026
Same journal

5,6-epoxycholestanols metabolism and functions: Defining the epoxycholestanoid (EChA) family.

Progress in lipid research·2026
Same journal

Oxysterols and bile acids - From intertwined biosynthesis to combined quantification.

Progress in lipid research·2026
Same journal

Plasma membrane lipids at plant-pathogen interfaces: Regulators of immunity and susceptibility.

Progress in lipid research·2026
Same journal

Nature, functions and trafficking of membrane lipids to support autophagosome formation in plant cells.

Progress in lipid research·2026
Same journal

State-of-the-art on absorption mechanisms and factors affecting the bioavailability of preformed vitamin A.

Progress in lipid research·2026
Same journal

Oxylipin profile data analysis: Current methodologies, challenges, and future directions.

Progress in lipid research·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Purification and Visualization of Lipopolysaccharide from Gram-negative Bacteria by Hot Aqueous-phenol Extraction
05:31

Purification and Visualization of Lipopolysaccharide from Gram-negative Bacteria by Hot Aqueous-phenol Extraction

Published on: May 28, 2012

Lipopolysaccharide: Biosynthetic pathway and structure modification.

Xiaoyuan Wang1, Peter J Quinn

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China. xwang65@gmail.com

Progress in Lipid Research
|October 10, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an endotoxin from Gram-negative bacteria, has a lipid A component crucial for immune recognition and bioactivity. Modifications to LPS structure in pathogens are linked to bacterial virulence.

More Related Videos

High-throughput Synthesis of Carbohydrates and Functionalization of Polyanhydride Nanoparticles
14:37

High-throughput Synthesis of Carbohydrates and Functionalization of Polyanhydride Nanoparticles

Published on: July 6, 2012

Isolation and Chemical Characterization of Lipid A from Gram-negative Bacteria
12:57

Isolation and Chemical Characterization of Lipid A from Gram-negative Bacteria

Published on: September 16, 2013

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Purification and Visualization of Lipopolysaccharide from Gram-negative Bacteria by Hot Aqueous-phenol Extraction
05:31

Purification and Visualization of Lipopolysaccharide from Gram-negative Bacteria by Hot Aqueous-phenol Extraction

Published on: May 28, 2012

High-throughput Synthesis of Carbohydrates and Functionalization of Polyanhydride Nanoparticles
14:37

High-throughput Synthesis of Carbohydrates and Functionalization of Polyanhydride Nanoparticles

Published on: July 6, 2012

Isolation and Chemical Characterization of Lipid A from Gram-negative Bacteria
12:57

Isolation and Chemical Characterization of Lipid A from Gram-negative Bacteria

Published on: September 16, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a major component of Gram-negative bacterial outer membranes, acting as an endotoxin.
  • The hydrophobic lipid A moiety of LPS is recognized by host immune cells as a pathogen-associated molecular pattern.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent studies on the biosynthesis and export of lipopolysaccharide in bacteria.
  • To explore the relationship between lipopolysaccharide structure and bacterial virulence.

Main Methods:

  • Genetic and biochemical analyses of lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis and export pathways.
  • Comparative genomics to identify conserved and variable genes across Gram-negative bacteria.
  • Analysis of structure-function relationships concerning lipopolysaccharide modifications and virulence.

Main Results:

  • Key enzymes and genes for lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis and export are conserved among Gram-negative bacteria.
  • Specific structural modifications of lipopolysaccharide, though not essential for survival, are regulated and associated with pathogen virulence.
  • Recent discoveries highlight additional enzymes and gene products influencing lipopolysaccharide structure.

Conclusions:

  • Lipopolysaccharide structure is a dynamic feature of Gram-negative bacteria, particularly in pathogens.
  • Understanding lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis, export, and structural variations is critical for elucidating bacterial virulence mechanisms.