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Related Concept Videos

Bone Markings01:26

Bone Markings

Bones have various surface features that help form joints and attach to other soft tissues. Depending on the function, bone markings are categorized into articulating projections, processes for attachment, depressions, and openings.
Articulating Projections
Articulating projections are found where two bones meet to form a joint. These structures are usually found at the ends of bones. The largest articulation is a rounded projection called the head, supported by a narrow neck at the ends of...
Mesenchymal Stem Cells01:19

Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells that can differentiate into most connective tissue cell types, except for hematopoietic cells, depending upon the source of MSCs. For example, bone-marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) can differentiate into osteocytes, hepatocytes, and pancreatic and neuronal cells. MSCs can be isolated from various sources such as bone marrow, placenta, adipose tissue, teeth, and Wharton’s jelly, a gelatinous substance in the umbilical cord. The ease of their access...
Sympathetic Pathways: Sympathetic Chain Ganglia01:20

Sympathetic Pathways: Sympathetic Chain Ganglia

The sympathetic chain ganglia, also known as the sympathetic trunk ganglia or paravertebral ganglia, are a series of ganglia located bilaterally on either side of the spinal column. These ganglia serve as relay stations for the sympathetic nervous system. Preganglionic neurons originating in the spinal cord project their axons to the sympathetic chain ganglia. Within the ganglia, these preganglionic fibers synapse with postganglionic neurons.The postganglionic neurons of the sympathetic trunk...
Sympathetic Pathways: Collateral Ganglia and Adrenal Medulla01:27

Sympathetic Pathways: Collateral Ganglia and Adrenal Medulla

The sympathetic pathways of the collateral ganglia and adrenal medulla serve unique but interconnected roles in the sympathetic response.
Collateral Ganglia
Sympathetic preganglionic axons reach the collateral ganglia along the route of splanchnic nerves. These nerves bypass the sympathetic trunk and communicate with sympathetic postganglionic neurons housed in the prevertebral ganglia. These ganglia supply the organs of the abdominopelvic cavity.
The greater splanchnic nerve, formed by the...
Embryonic Connective Tissues01:20

Embryonic Connective Tissues

During early development, the embryo forms two types of connective tissues— the mesenchyme and mucoid connective tissue.
The mesenchyme is the first connective tissue that emerges in the developing embryo. It consists of loosely arranged multipotent mesenchymal cells and reticular fibers in the extracellular matrix. This loose arrangement allows easy migration of cells, which is essential for germ layer positioning, patterning, and organ morphogenesis during embryonic development. Mesenchyme is...
Gastrulation01:56

Gastrulation

Gastrulation establishes the three primary tissues of an embryo: the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. This developmental process relies on a series of intricate cellular movements, which in humans transforms a flat, “bilaminar disc” composed of two cell sheets into a three-tiered structure. In the resulting embryo, the endoderm serves as the bottom layer, and stacked directly above it is the intermediate mesoderm, and then the uppermost ectoderm. Respectively, these tissue strata will form...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Exploring the Longissimus Muscle: Unraveling its Correlation with Meat Quality in Bos indicus and Crossbred Bulls
07:46

Exploring the Longissimus Muscle: Unraveling its Correlation with Meat Quality in Bos indicus and Crossbred Bulls

Published on: July 12, 2024

Mesenchymal gaucho homing on the range.

Neal J Weinreb1

  • 1University of Miami, FL, USA.

Blood
|October 10, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Gaucher disease type 1 (GD1) involves macrophage dysfunction. Bone marrow cells in GD1 show increased glucosylceramide and inflammatory signals, potentially leading to bone loss and blood cancers.

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Hematology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Gaucher disease type 1 (GD1) is a lysosomal storage disorder primarily affecting tissue macrophages.
  • The pathophysiology of GD1 involves the accumulation of glucosylceramide due to deficient lysosomal glucocerebrosidase activity.

Discussion:

  • This study investigates the impact of lysosomal glucocerebrosidase deficiency in GD1 bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs).
  • The findings reveal increased cellular glucosylceramide levels within these MSCs.
  • An up-regulation of inflammatory mediators is observed, suggesting a link to disease progression.

Key Insights:

  • Lysosomal glucocerebrosidase deficiency in GD1 bone marrow MSCs leads to glucosylceramide accumulation.
  • Elevated inflammatory mediators in GD1 MSCs may contribute to bone mineral loss.

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Parasite Induced Genetically Driven Autoimmune Chagas Heart Disease in the Chicken Model
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Parasite Induced Genetically Driven Autoimmune Chagas Heart Disease in the Chicken Model

Published on: July 29, 2012

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Last Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Exploring the Longissimus Muscle: Unraveling its Correlation with Meat Quality in Bos indicus and Crossbred Bulls
07:46

Exploring the Longissimus Muscle: Unraveling its Correlation with Meat Quality in Bos indicus and Crossbred Bulls

Published on: July 12, 2024

Parasite Induced Genetically Driven Autoimmune Chagas Heart Disease in the Chicken Model
09:23

Parasite Induced Genetically Driven Autoimmune Chagas Heart Disease in the Chicken Model

Published on: July 29, 2012

  • These cellular changes in GD1 MSCs could also promote the development of hematologic malignancy.

    • Outlook:

    • Further research into the mechanisms linking GD1 MSC dysfunction to bone and hematologic complications is warranted.
    • Therapeutic strategies targeting glucosylceramide accumulation or inflammatory pathways in GD1 could be explored.
    • Understanding these cellular processes may offer new avenues for GD1 treatment.