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Tooth Anatomy

Tooth Anatomy

The human tooth enables us to eat a variety of foods, speak clearly, and even aid in shaping our faces. Teeth are composed of various elements that work together. Here's a detailed look at the anatomy of a human tooth.
The Crown, Neck, and Root
The visible part of the tooth is referred to as the crown. It's covered by enamel, the hardest substance in the human body. The crown is uniquely shaped for each type of tooth, allowing for different functions such as cutting, tearing, or grinding food.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Development of Amelogenin-chitosan Hydrogel for In Vitro Enamel Regrowth with a Dense Interface

Development of Amelogenin-chitosan Hydrogel for In Vitro Enamel Regrowth with a Dense Interface

Published on: July 10, 2014

Root coverage technique with enamel matrix derivative.

Takafumi Moriyama¹, Shinya Matsumoto, Takemi Makiishi

¹Division of Conservative Dentistry, Department of Clinical Oral Health Science, Tokyo Dental College, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan.

The Bulletin of Tokyo Dental College

|October 10, 2009

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Enamel matrix derivative (EMD) combined with periodontal plastic surgery techniques, including coronally positioned flap (CPF+EMD) and connective tissue graft (CTG+EMD), effectively achieved complete root coverage in two cases of gingival recession.

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Published on: August 15, 2018

Area of Science:

Periodontal Plastic Surgery
Regenerative Dentistry

Background:

Gingival recession, often caused by excessive brushing, necessitates surgical intervention for root coverage.
Enamel matrix derivative (EMD) is a biomaterial explored for enhancing periodontal regeneration and root coverage procedures.

Observation:

Two cases of Miller Class II gingival recession were treated using EMD in conjunction with established surgical techniques.
Case 1 involved a coronally positioned flap with EMD (CPF+EMD) for a lower right first premolar.
Case 2 utilized a connective tissue graft with EMD (CTG+EMD) for a lower left canine.

Findings:

Both surgical approaches, CPF+EMD and CTG+EMD, resulted in complete root coverage.
No recurrence of root exposure or subjective symptoms was observed at follow-up periods of 1 year and 2 months, respectively.
The postoperative courses for both cases were considered favorable, indicating successful treatment outcomes.

Implications:

These findings suggest that EMD can be a valuable adjunct in periodontal plastic surgery for achieving successful root coverage.
The combination of EMD with CPF or CTG offers a promising therapeutic option for managing localized gingival recession.
Further clinical studies are warranted to confirm the long-term efficacy and broader applicability of EMD in root coverage procedures.