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Related Concept Videos

Functional Classification of Joints01:09

Functional Classification of Joints

Functional Classification of Joints
The functional classification of joints is determined by the amount of mobility between the adjacent bones. Joints are functionally classified as a synarthrosis or immobile joint, an amphiarthrosis or slightly moveable joint, or as a diarthrosis, a freely moveable joint. Fibrous and cartilaginous joints can be functionally classified as either synarthroses  or amphiarthroses, whereas all synovial joints are classified as diarthroses.
Synarthrosis
An immobile...
Structural Joints: Synovial Joints01:16

Structural Joints: Synovial Joints

Synovial joints are the most common type of joint in the body. A key structural characteristic for a synovial joint is the presence of a joint cavity. This fluid-filled space is where the articulating surfaces of the bones contact each other. Also, unlike fibrous or cartilaginous joints, the articulating bone surfaces at a synovial joint are not directly connected to each other with fibrous connective tissue or cartilage. This gives the bones of a synovial joint the ability to move smoothly...
Knee Joint01:23

Knee Joint

The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
A total of seven ligaments support the knee joint. The patellar ligament, which is also attached to the quadriceps femoris group...
Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
Joints01:26

Joints

Joints, also called articulations or articular surfaces, are points at which ligaments or other tissues connect adjacent bones. Joints permit movement and stability, and can be classified based on their structure or function.
Structural joint classifications are based on the material that makes up the joint as well as whether or not the joint contains a space between the bones. Joints are structurally classified as fibrous, cartilaginous, or synovial.
Fibrous Joints Are Immovable
The bones of a...
Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints01:17

Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints

As the name indicates, at a cartilaginous joint, the adjacent bones are united by cartilage, a tough but flexible type of connective tissue. Unlike synovial joints, these types of joints lack a joint cavity and involve bones joined together by either hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage.
There are two types of cartilaginous joints:
Synchondrosis
A synchondrosis ("joined by cartilage") is a cartilaginous joint where bones are connected by hyaline cartilage. Synchondrosis may be temporary or...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Knee Arthrocentesis in Adults
04:41

Knee Arthrocentesis in Adults

Published on: February 25, 2022

[Pseudo-arthroses].

J Meiners1, U Gerlach, S Mägerlein

  • 1Spezielle Unfallchirurgie, Abteilung für Unfallchirurgie, Orthopädie und Sporttraumatologie, Berufsgenossenschaftliches Krankenhaus, Bergedorfer Strasse 10, 21033, Hamburg. j.meiners@buk-hamburg.de

Der Chirurg; Zeitschrift Fur Alle Gebiete Der Operativen Medizen
|October 10, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pseudo-arthroses, or non-healed fractures older than six months, require precise diagnosis. Differentiating between aseptic and septic types guides targeted surgical treatments for optimal fracture healing.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Knee Arthrocentesis in Adults
04:41

Knee Arthrocentesis in Adults

Published on: February 25, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Bone Healing Research
  • Traumatology

Context:

  • Pseudo-arthroses represent a significant complication in fracture management, occurring when fractures fail to heal within six months post-treatment.
  • Distinguishing between aseptic and septic pseudo-arthroses, as well as classifying them as atrophic, oligotrophic, or hypertrophic, is critical for effective therapeutic strategies.

Purpose:

  • To outline the diagnostic criteria for differentiating various types of pseudo-arthroses.
  • To detail the operative principles for managing pseudo-arthroses based on their specific classification.
  • To provide a framework for transforming septic pseudo-arthroses into stabilized or aseptic conditions.

Summary:

  • Pseudo-arthroses are defined as fractures failing to heal over six months post-treatment, necessitating careful classification.
  • Therapeutic approaches are dictated by the type of pseudo-arthrosis: revitalization for atrophic bone, reosteosynthesis for instability, and infection management for septic cases.
  • The goal is to convert septic pseudo-arthroses into a manageable, stabilized, or aseptic state.

Impact:

  • Improved patient outcomes through tailored surgical interventions for non-union fractures.
  • Reduced morbidity associated with chronic, unhealed fractures and associated infections.
  • Advancement of surgical techniques in treating complex fracture healing complications.