[Improving the outcomes in spontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhage: the EHSA project]

To investigate our clinical practices with the aim of identifying opportunities to improve the medico-surgical management of spontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhages (SAH). PATIENTS AND METHODS A prospective, longitudinal cohort study was conducted of the cases of SAH attended consecutively in the critical care and emergency services in 29 public hospitals in Andalusia over a period of 20 months, between the years 2000 and 2002. SAH were considered to be acute haemorrhagic cerebrovascular accidents diagnosed as such by imaging. Results at 12 months and care management (medical and surgical therapy, diagnostic techniques, care times and specific neurological complications) were analysed and the latter was then compared with the clinical practices that scientific evidence has proved to be the most useful. Deaths due to rebleeding in patients with no arteriographic study or without exclusion of the aneurysm were catalogued as potentially avoidable deaths.

A total of 506 SAH were included. During the follow-up 5% of the sample were lost. In all 155 patients died. The non-modifiable independent risk variables for mortality were: age, being male, history of arterial hypertension, coma on arrival at the hospital and hydrocephalus. The independent risk variables for death that can be influenced were: absence of urgent analgesic, no arteriographic diagnosis, appearance of ischaemic neurological impairment and rebleeding. Twenty per cent of the overall mortality could be considered potentially avoidable.

Although fatality is mostly dependent on variables that cannot be influenced (sex, age, history, clinical severity and hydrocephalus), 20% of deaths are associated to modifiable factors.