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Case Studies

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There are many research methods available to psychologists in their efforts to understand, describe, and explain behavior and the cognitive and biological processes that underlie it.

Group Design

Group Design

The most basic experimental design involves two groups: the experimental group and the control group. The two groups are designed to be the same except for one difference— experimental manipulation. The experimental group gets the experimental manipulation—that is, the treatment or variable being tested—and the control group does not. Since experimental manipulation is the only difference between the experimental and control groups, we can be sure that any differences between the two are due to...

Group Therapy

Group Therapy

Group therapy is a sociocultural approach to psychological treatment, where individuals with shared psychological challenges come together under the guidance of a mental health professional. This therapeutic modality offers unique opportunities for individuals to connect, share, and grow within the context of a supportive group. By fostering mutual understanding and collaboration, group therapy can address a range of psychological concerns effectively, often complementing or surpassing the...

Social Loafing

Another way in which a group presence can affect performance is social loafing—the exertion of less effort by a person working together with a group. Social loafing occurs when our individual performance cannot be evaluated separately from the group. Thus, group performance declines on easy tasks (Karau & Williams, 1993). Essentially individual group members loaf and let other group members pick up the slack. Because each individual’s efforts cannot be evaluated, individuals become less...

Surveys

Surveys

Often, psychologists develop surveys as a means of gathering data. Surveys are lists of questions to be answered by research participants, and can be delivered as paper-and-pencil questionnaires, administered electronically, or conducted verbally. Generally, the survey itself can be completed in a short time, and the ease of administering a survey makes it easy to collect data from a large number of people.

Cross-Sectional Research

Cross-Sectional Research

In cross-sectional research, a researcher compares multiple segments of the population at the same time. If they were interested in people's dietary habits, the researcher might directly compare different groups of people by age. Instead of following a group of people for 20 years to see how their dietary habits changed from decade to decade, the researcher would study a group of 20-year-old individuals and compare them to a group of 30-year-old individuals and a group of 40-year-old...

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Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Project-Based Learning Guidelines for Health Sciences Students: An Analysis with Data Mining and Qualitative Techniques

Project-Based Learning Guidelines for Health Sciences Students: An Analysis with Data Mining and Qualitative Techniques

Published on: December 9, 2022

A process-oriented group model for university students: a semi-structured approach.

Chad V Johnson¹

¹University of Oklahoma, Department of Human Relations, 4502 E. 41 Street, Tulsa, OK 74135, USA. cvjohnson@ou.edu

International Journal of Group Psychotherapy

|October 13, 2009

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study addresses challenges in university student group therapy by proposing a structured model. The model enhances cohesion and skill development for students and trains counselors in facilitating group processes.

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Last Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Project-Based Learning Guidelines for Health Sciences Students: An Analysis with Data Mining and Qualitative Techniques

Project-Based Learning Guidelines for Health Sciences Students: An Analysis with Data Mining and Qualitative Techniques

Published on: December 9, 2022

Problem-Solving Before Instruction (PS-I): A Protocol for Assessment and Intervention in Students with Different Abilities

Problem-Solving Before Instruction (PS-I): A Protocol for Assessment and Intervention in Students with Different Abilities

Published on: September 11, 2021

Area of Science:

Psychology
Counseling
Group Therapy

Background:

University students present unique challenges for group therapy.
Existing practices may not align with student developmental needs.
College counseling centers require tailored group therapy approaches.

Purpose of the Study:

To discuss the developmental needs of university students in group therapy.
To propose a model for effective interpersonal group therapy for this population.
To provide a framework for training novice group counselors.

Main Methods:

Literature review on student developmental characteristics.
Development of a structured model for process-oriented group therapy.
Emphasis on initial and final stage structured activities.

Main Results:

The proposed model facilitates cohesion, skill development, and interpersonal learning.
Structured activities enhance group process and member engagement.
The model offers a practical approach for college counseling settings.

Conclusions:

A structured approach is vital for successful interpersonal group therapy with university students.
The model supports both student therapeutic outcomes and counselor training.
This framework can improve the efficacy of group therapy in higher education.