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Related Concept Videos

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...

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Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Long-term Continuous EEG Monitoring in Small Rodent Models of Human Disease Using the Epoch Wireless Transmitter System
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Published on: July 21, 2015

Refractory status epilepticus: a prospective observational study.

Jan Novy1, Giancarlo Logroscino, Andrea O Rossetti

  • 1Service de Neurologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.

Epilepsia
|October 13, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Refractory status epilepticus (RSE) occurred in 22.6% of cases, less than previously thought. Clinical factors like impaired consciousness predict RSE, which has a worse patient outcome.

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Methods for ECG Evaluation of Indicators of Cardiac Risk, and Susceptibility to Aconitine-induced Arrhythmias in Rats Following Status Epilepticus
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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Critical Care Medicine

Background:

  • Refractory status epilepticus (RSE) is defined as status epilepticus (SE) resistant to two antiepileptic drugs.
  • Previous retrospective studies estimated RSE frequency between 31% and 43%, often requiring coma induction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To prospectively assess RSE frequency in a tertiary care setting.
  • To identify clinical predictors of RSE.
  • To evaluate the outcomes associated with RSE.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective study of 128 consecutive SE episodes in 118 adult patients over 2 years.
  • Analysis of clinical data and their relationship to outcomes (mortality, return to baseline).

Main Results:

  • RSE was identified in 22.6% of SE episodes (29/128).
  • Independent predictors of RSE included severity of consciousness impairment and de novo SE episodes.
  • RSE was associated with significantly higher mortality (39% vs. 11%) and lower rates of return to baseline (21% vs. 63%) compared to non-RSE.

Conclusions:

  • RSE frequency may be lower than previously reported, with most cases treated outside the ICU.
  • Clinical factors can predict the onset of SE refractoriness.
  • Despite potentially lower frequency and less intensive treatment, RSE remains associated with high mortality and morbidity.