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Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Biochemical Reconstitution of Steroid Receptor•Hsp90 Protein Complexes and Reactivation of Ligand Binding
Published on: September 21, 2011
The human glucocorticoid receptor: molecular basis of biologic function
Nicolas C Nicolaides1, Zoi Galata, Tomoshige Kino
1Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Clinical Research Center, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527, Athens, Greece.
Glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is a key transcription factor regulating gene expression. This review details the human GR
Area of Science:
- Molecular Biology
- Cellular Biology
- Endocrinology
Background:
- Steroid hormone receptors control cellular functions via lipophilic ligands.
- The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is a ubiquitous, intracellular, ligand-dependent transcription factor.
- GR regulates glucocorticoid-responsive genes, influencing development and homeostasis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To summarize the structure and actions of the human (h) GR.
- To elucidate the molecular basis of hGR's biological functions.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of existing research on human GR.
- Analysis of structural and functional data.
- Synthesis of information on molecular mechanisms.
Main Results:
- The human GR acts as a transcription factor, mediating cellular responses to glucocorticoids.
- GR's effector domains recruit coregulatory complexes for gene transcription.
- These complexes remodel chromatin and stabilize RNA-polymerase II for efficient transcription.
Conclusions:
- The human GR plays a critical role in cellular and molecular functions.
- Understanding hGR structure and action is vital for comprehending homeostasis and development.
- Molecular insights into hGR function provide a basis for further research.
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