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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
Antigen Presenting Cells01:22

Antigen Presenting Cells

The immune system is a complex network of cells and molecules that protects the body from foreign invaders. T cells, a type of white blood cell, play a crucial role in this process. They recognize and attack foreign substances, such as pathogens, that enter the body.
T cells require the help of antigen-presenting cells (APCs), which process foreign antigens into smaller fragments that can be recognized by T cells. These APCs are highly specialized cells that efficiently internalize antigens...
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and reactivity.
Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

Overview
Antigen Processing Pathways01:31

Antigen Processing Pathways

MHC molecules are key players in the immune response, enabling T cells to recognize and respond to specific antigens. They are present on the surface of all nucleated cells in the body and are instrumental in presenting antigens to T cells and activating them. T cells recognize the MHC-antigen complex and initiate an immune response. MHC class I and MHC class II are two main types of MHC molecules, each associated with a distinct antigen processing pathway.
MHC Class I: Presenting Endogenous...

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Use of Single Chain MHC Technology to Investigate Co-agonism in Human CD8+ T Cell Activation
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Published on: February 28, 2019

Mast cell-mediated antigen presentation regulates CD8+ T cell effector functions.

Erietta Stelekati1, Rajia Bahri, Orietta D'Orlando

  • 1Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Research Center Borstel, D-23845 Borstel, Germany.

Immunity
|October 13, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Mast cells (MCs) drive antigen-specific CD8(+) T cell activation, proliferation, and cytotoxicity. These interactions require direct cell contact and MHC class I presentation, highlighting MCs

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Purification of the Membrane Compartment for Endoplasmic Reticulum-associated Degradation of Exogenous Antigens in Cross-presentation
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Published on: August 21, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cellular Biology

Background:

  • The intricate relationship between mast cells (MCs) and CD8(+) T cells remains incompletely understood.
  • Key molecular mechanisms governing MC-T cell interactions are yet to be fully elucidated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role and molecular requirements of mast cells in regulating antigen-specific CD8(+) T cell responses.
  • To determine if mast cells can induce CD8(+) T cell activation, proliferation, and cytotoxicity.

Main Methods:

  • In vitro co-culture systems to assess mast cell-mediated CD8(+) T cell activation and function.
  • Analysis of cytokine secretion (IL-2, IFN-γ, MIP-1α) and cytotoxic molecule expression (granzyme B).
  • In vivo studies involving adoptive transfer of antigen-pulsed mast cells and assessment in an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis model.

Main Results:

  • Mast cells induced antigen-specific CD8(+) T cell activation, proliferation, and enhanced cytotoxicity.
  • These effects were dependent on direct cell contact and MHC class I-restricted antigen cross-presentation by mast cells.
  • Mast cells upregulated costimulatory molecules (4-1BB) and released osteopontin, suggesting bidirectional communication.
  • In vivo, mast cells promoted antigen-specific CD8(+) T cell proliferation and regulated T cell priming in EAE.

Conclusions:

  • Mast cells are crucial regulators of antigen-specific CD8(+) T cell immunity.
  • Direct interaction with mast cells, involving MHC class I cross-presentation, is essential for CD8(+) T cell activation and effector functions.
  • Mast cells play a significant role in modulating adaptive immune responses, including those in autoimmune settings.