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Related Concept Videos

Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems01:18

Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems

Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) enable the controlled release of drugs across the skin into systemic circulation. They are particularly advantageous for drugs with short half-lives or narrow therapeutic indices, as they maintain consistent plasma concentrations and reduce the risk of subtherapeutic or toxic levels.TDDS are categorized into monolithic, reservoir, and mixed systems. Monolithic systems embed the drug in a polymer matrix, where diffusion governs release. Reservoir systems...
Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes01:22

Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes

Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection,  and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
Oral inhalation and nasal sprays swiftly transfer drugs across the respiratory epithelium's mucosal layer. Inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilators directly target lung conditions such as asthma, while fluticasone nasal spray mitigates allergic rhinitis.
Transdermal patches transport drugs through the...
Drug Delivery: Overview01:16

Drug Delivery: Overview

The selection of a drug's delivery route depends upon its physicochemical properties, including lipid or water solubility and ionization, as well as the therapeutic requirement, such as immediate or sustained effect. These routes can be divided into three primary categories: enteral, parenteral, and topical.
Enteral delivery involves administering drugs directly through swallowing, sublingual placement, or buccal application. Orally administered drugs predominantly navigate the gastrointestinal...
Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems01:23

Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems

Ophthalmic drug delivery faces major limitations due to poor absorption across the corneal membrane. This process is primarily driven by diffusion and is influenced by two main factors: the physicochemical properties of the drug and tear drainage. Most ophthalmic drugs, such as pilocarpine, epinephrine, atropine, and local anesthetics, are weak bases. They are typically formulated at an acidic pH to enhance chemical stability. However, this leads to high ionization, reducing their ability to...
Intrauterine Drug Delivery Systems01:21

Intrauterine Drug Delivery Systems

Controlled-release systems for intravaginal and intrauterine drug delivery have been developed primarily for the administration of contraceptive steroid hormones. These delivery routes circumvent first-pass hepatic metabolism, thereby enhancing bioavailability and allowing for reduced systemic dosages compared to oral administration. Such approaches contribute to improved therapeutic efficacy and patient compliance, particularly in long-term contraceptive regimens.Intravaginal Drug Delivery...
Drug Delivery: Enteral Route01:18

Drug Delivery: Enteral Route

The enteral drug administration involves three primary routes: oral, sublingual, and buccal. Oral ingestion is the most prevalent, safe, economical, and convenient method for drug administration. However, it has certain drawbacks, including limited absorption due to the drug's low water solubility or poor membrane permeability, possible emesis from GI mucosa irritation, destruction of drugs by digestive enzymes or low gastric pH, and irregular absorption along with food or other drugs.
Drugs in...

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Spatio-Temporal In Vivo Imaging of Ocular Drug Delivery Systems using Fiberoptic Confocal Laser Microendoscopy
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Transungual drug delivery: current status.

Rania Elkeeb1, Ali AliKhan, Laila Elkeeb

  • 1Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0989, USA. relkeeb@yahoo.com

International Journal of Pharmaceutics
|October 13, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Topical nail treatments offer localized benefits but struggle with drug penetration. This review examines methods to enhance nail drug permeability, including chemical and physical approaches, to improve treatment effectiveness.

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Pharmaceutics
  • Drug Delivery

Background:

  • Topical therapy for nail disorders is preferred for localized effects and reduced systemic adverse events.
  • Drug permeability through the nail plate is a significant limitation for topical nail treatments.
  • Improving drug delivery to the nail bed is crucial for effective treatment of onychomycosis and other nail conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current research on enhancing drug permeation through the nail plate.
  • To examine various methods for overcoming the nail barrier.
  • To discuss novel nail sampling techniques and limitations in permeability studies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on nail permeation.
  • Analysis of chemical treatments and penetration enhancers.
  • Evaluation of physical and mechanical methods for nail barrier modification.
  • Examination of new nail sampling methodologies.

Main Results:

  • Various strategies exist to alter the nail plate barrier, including chemical, physical, and mechanical approaches.
  • Penetration enhancers and barrier modification techniques show potential for improving topical drug delivery.
  • Novel nail sampling methods are being developed to better assess drug permeation.

Conclusions:

  • Enhancing nail drug permeability is key to improving topical therapy efficacy.
  • Further research into optimizing delivery systems and understanding nail penetration is warranted.
  • Addressing the limitations of current permeability studies will advance topical nail treatment development.