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Published on: June 23, 2019

Ignoring the obvious missing piece of chronic kidney disease in HIV: cigarette smoking

María José Míguez-Burbano, Christina Wyatt, John E Lewis

    The Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care : JANAC
    |October 13, 2009
    PubMed

    Insights

    Smoking significantly increases the risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in people living with HIV (PLWH). This study found a clear link between smoking and CKD development in this population.

    Area of Science:

    • Nephrology
    • Infectious Diseases
    • Epidemiology

    Background:

    • Tobacco use is prevalent in people living with HIV (PLWH), yet its impact on chronic kidney disease (CKD) risk is understudied.
    • Higher rates of smoking among PLWH suggest a potential link to increased CKD incidence.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the association between smoking and the risk of developing CKD in people living with HIV.
    • To identify other potential risk factors for CKD in this specific patient population.

    Main Methods:

    • A case-controlled study design was employed.
    • The study included 75 PLWH with CKD (cases) and 461 PLWH without CKD (controls).
    • Logistic regression analysis was used to determine independent risk factors.

    Main Results:

    • Smoking was independently associated with an increased risk of CKD (OR=1.97, p=.003).
    • Hypertension (OR=2) and African ancestry, especially Black Caribbeans (OR=2.6), were also significant risk factors.
    • A dose-response relationship was observed between the number of packs smoked daily and CKD risk.

    Conclusions:

    • Smoking is a significant independent risk factor for CKD in people living with HIV.
    • Public health initiatives should address smoking cessation in PLWH to mitigate CKD risk.
    • Hypertension and African ancestry are also critical factors to consider in CKD prevention for PLWH.

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