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Related Concept Videos

Hypoxia01:23

Hypoxia

Hypoxia is a medical condition characterized by an inadequate oxygen supply to body tissues. It typically manifests as a bluish discoloration of the skin and mucosae, especially in fair-skinned individuals, when hemoglobin (Hb) saturation drops below 75%.
Types of Hypoxia
There are four primary types of hypoxia, each resulting from a different cause:
1. Anemic hypoxia: This type occurs due to insufficient oxygen delivery caused by a lack of red blood cells (RBCs) or RBCs with abnormal or...
Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply01:24

Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply

Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits.  Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl hydroxylase and factor...
Oxygen Transport in the Blood01:27

Oxygen Transport in the Blood

Hemoglobin (Hb) is a crucial molecule in the human body, consisting of four polypeptide chains, each bound to an iron-containing heme group. This unique structure enables hemoglobin to bind to oxygen, with each molecule capable of combining with four molecules of oxygen, leading to rapid and reversible oxygen loading. When fully loaded with oxygen, it is called oxyhemoglobin, while hemoglobin that has released oxygen is called reduced hemoglobin or deoxyhemoglobin. As hemoglobin binds oxygen,...
Exon Recombination02:32

Exon Recombination

The evolution of new genes is critical for speciation. Exon recombination, also known as exon shuffling or domain shuffling, is an important means of new gene formation. It is observed across vertebrates, invertebrates, and in some plants such as potatoes and sunflowers. During exon recombination, exons from the same or different genes recombine and produce new exon-intron combinations, which might evolve into new genes. 
Exon shuffling follows “splice frame rules.” Each exon has three reading...
Carbon Dioxide Transport in the Blood01:19

Carbon Dioxide Transport in the Blood

Carbon dioxide (CO2) transport in the blood is critical to human physiology. On average, our body cells produce around 200 mL of CO2 per minute, precisely the quantity expelled by the lungs. This process involves the transportation of CO2 from the tissue cells to the lungs in three primary forms.
Forms of CO2 Transport
1. Dissolved in plasma: A small percentage (7-10%) of CO2 is transported and dissolved directly in the plasma.
2. Carbaminohemoglobin: Just over 20% of CO2 is chemically bound to...
Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells02:53

Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells

Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
Some of the advantages that cancer cells have on normal cells include - enhanced ability to divide without terminally differentiating, induce new blood vessel formation,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Co-immunoprecipitation Assay Using Endogenous Nuclear Proteins from Cells Cultured Under Hypoxic Conditions
09:17

Co-immunoprecipitation Assay Using Endogenous Nuclear Proteins from Cells Cultured Under Hypoxic Conditions

Published on: August 2, 2018

Hypoxia: a novel function for VIN3.

Donna M Bond1, Elizabeth S Dennis, E Jean Finnegan

  • 1CSIRO, Plant Industry, Canberra, Australia.

Plant Signaling & Behavior
|October 13, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The VIN3 gene, crucial for plant flowering, also aids Arabidopsis survival under low oxygen (hypoxia). VIN3 mediates epigenetic changes to help plants adapt to prolonged hypoxic conditions.

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Last Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Co-immunoprecipitation Assay Using Endogenous Nuclear Proteins from Cells Cultured Under Hypoxic Conditions
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Creating Defined Gaseous Environments to Study the Effects of Hypoxia on C. elegans
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Induction and Testing of Hypoxia in Cell Culture
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Published on: August 12, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Plant molecular biology
  • Epigenetics
  • Stress response

Background:

  • Vernalization Insensitive 3 (VIN3) is a chromatin remodeler essential for vernalization in Arabidopsis thaliana.
  • Vernalization involves epigenetic repression of FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) via Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) and H3K27me3 marks.
  • VIN3 interacts with PRC2 at the FLC locus during cold-induced flowering competence.

Discussion:

  • VIN3 is quantitatively induced by hypoxic conditions, similar to cold exposure.
  • VIN3 is required for Arabidopsis seedling survival under low oxygen stress.
  • Hypoxia-induced VIN3 likely mediates chromatin modifications for survival.

Key Insights:

  • VIN3 plays a dual role in plant development and stress adaptation.
  • Epigenetic regulation by VIN3 is critical for surviving prolonged hypoxia.
  • The VIN3-mediated epigenetic mechanism offers insights into plant stress tolerance.

Outlook:

  • Further research into VIN3's specific target loci under hypoxia is warranted.
  • Exploring VIN3's role in other plant stress responses could reveal broader epigenetic regulatory networks.
  • Understanding VIN3's function may lead to strategies for enhancing crop resilience to environmental stress.