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Relation between body composition, anthropometry, and glucose tolerance.

T J Wu1, T Y Tai

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan, R.O.C.

Journal of the Formosan Medical Association = Taiwan Yi Zhi
|November 1, 1990
PubMed
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Body composition, including BMI and skinfold thickness, is linked to diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance. Higher BMI and systolic pressure are key indicators in diabetic individuals.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Health
  • Clinical Nutrition

Background:

  • Diabetes Mellitus and Impaired Glucose Tolerance (IGT) are significant public health concerns.
  • Understanding the relationship between body composition and glucose metabolism is crucial for early detection and management.
  • Anthropometric measurements offer accessible indicators of metabolic status.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the correlations between body composition, anthropometric measurements, and glucose tolerance status.
  • To compare these parameters across normal, IGT, and diabetic groups.
  • To assess the sensitivity of different measures in defining adiposity.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 305 participants (157 men, 148 women) underwent a 75g oral glucose tolerance test.

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  • Participants were categorized into diabetic (n=47), IGT (n=53), and normal (n=205) groups.
  • Body composition (fat percentage, lean mass, total body water), anthropometrics (BMI, triceps skinfold thickness, arm muscle circumference), blood pressure, and biochemical markers were measured.

    • Main Results:

    • Body composition significantly correlated with BMI, TSF, AMC, blood pressure, glucose levels (HbA1c), and cholesterol.
    • BMI showed significant correlations with blood pressure, glucose levels (HbA1c), triglycerides, and SGPT.
    • TSF was more sensitive than BMI for defining adiposity; IGT group had higher systolic pressure and 2-hour plasma glucose than normal group. Diabetic group had higher BMI, systolic pressure, triglycerides, and SGPT than both other groups.

    Conclusions:

    • Body composition and anthropometric measures, particularly BMI and TSF, are significantly associated with glucose intolerance and diabetes.
    • Higher BMI, systolic pressure, and triglyceride levels are indicative of non-insulin-dependent diabetes.
    • TSF may be a more sensitive indicator of adiposity than BMI in this context.