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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune system...
Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease01:25

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease

Crohn’s disease is a chronic, relapsing form of inflammatory bowel disease characterized by segmental, transmural inflammation that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract. Its pathogenesis arises from a combination of genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, epithelial barrier dysfunction, and immune dysregulation. Together, these factors lead to an exaggerated immune response against components of the gut microbiome.Genetic and Environmental InfluencesMultiple genetic...
Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction01:17

Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction

Chronic bowel diseases are a group of long-term conditions affecting the digestive tract, characterized by inflammation and damage to the gut lining. These conditions primarily include irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder affecting the gastrointestinal tract. The distinctive feature is recurrent abdominal pain associated with altered bowel movements, manifesting as constipation, diarrhea, or fluctuating between both. The...
Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS01:11

Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS

Genome-wide association studies or GWAS are used to identify whether common SNPs are associated with certain diseases. Suppose specific SNPs are more frequently observed in individuals with a particular disease than those without the disease. In that case, those SNPs are said to be associated with the disease. Chi-square analysis is performed to check the probability of the allele likely to be associated with the disease.
GWAS does not require the identification of the target gene involved in...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease01:30

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease

Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, commonly known as IBD, refers to a collection of disorders that lead to persistent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The two types of IBD are ulcerative colitis, which impacts the colon, and Crohn's disease, which can involve any part of the gastrointestinal segment.
Crohn's disease
Crohn's disease is a chronic, systemic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that predominantly affects the gastrointestinal tract. It is marked by transmural...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Du-Moxibustion in a Mouse Model of Ankylosing Spondylitis
04:47

Du-Moxibustion in a Mouse Model of Ankylosing Spondylitis

Published on: October 27, 2023

How did ankylosing spondylitis become a separate disease?

T G Benedek1

  • 1Division of Rheumatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15217, USA. benedek@pitt.edu

Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology
|October 14, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) diagnosis evolved with radiology, serology, and HLA-B27 antigen discovery. These advancements enabled clearer distinctions between these inflammatory rheumatic diseases.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Du-Moxibustion in a Mouse Model of Ankylosing Spondylitis
04:47

Du-Moxibustion in a Mouse Model of Ankylosing Spondylitis

Published on: October 27, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Immunogenetics
  • Medical Diagnostics

Background:

  • Historical diagnostic criteria for rheumatic diseases were imprecise.
  • Early 20th century radiology allowed initial differentiation between ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
  • The discovery of rheumatoid factor in the 1950s provided a serological marker for RA, absent in AS.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To trace the historical development of diagnostic criteria for ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
  • To highlight key advancements in diagnostic methodologies for distinguishing between AS and RA.

Main Methods:

  • Review of historical medical literature and diagnostic evolution.
  • Analysis of radiological findings, serological tests, and genetic associations.
  • Correlation of clinical observations with diagnostic markers.

Main Results:

  • Radiological evidence showed preferential sacroiliac joint involvement in AS.
  • Rheumatoid factor, common in RA, is typically absent in AS.
  • The discovery of HLA-B27 antigen association significantly refined AS diagnosis, being ten times more frequent in AS than RA.

Conclusions:

  • Diagnostic clarity for AS and RA has progressively improved through technological and scientific breakthroughs.
  • Histocompatibility antigen B-27 is a crucial marker for distinguishing AS from RA.
  • Integrated use of radiology, serology, and genetic markers solidifies current diagnostic accuracy for these conditions.