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Related Concept Videos

Inflammation01:38

Inflammation

Overview
Inflammatory Response01:28

Inflammatory Response

An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
Inflammation can be triggered by various stimuli, such as impact, abrasion, chemical irritation, infections, and extreme hot or cold temperatures. These can damage cells and connective tissue fibers,...
Acute Inflammation I: Inflammatory Response01:26

Acute Inflammation I: Inflammatory Response

Acute inflammation is a rapid, short-lived physiological response to tissue injury or infection, designed to eliminate harmful agents and initiate repair. This tightly regulated process typically lasts from minutes to several days and is triggered by factors such as microbial invasion, physical trauma, or chemical injury.Recognition and Mediator ReleaseThe inflammatory response begins when resident immune cells—such as mast cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells—detect damage-associated...
Inflammatory Response I: Vascular and Cellular01:30

Inflammatory Response I: Vascular and Cellular

The inflammatory response is the body's defense against infection, injury, or irritation from bacteria, trauma, toxins, or heat. Inflammation helps locate and destroy pathogens and remove damaged tissue elements to heal the body. During this initial phase, fluid, blood products, and nutrients migrate to the injured area, resulting in redness, heat, swelling, ache, and loss of function. Moreover, signs of systemic inflammation include fever, increased WBC count, malaise, anorexia, nausea,...
Overview of Regeneration and Repair01:19

Overview of Regeneration and Repair

Regeneration and repair processes are critical in healing damages caused by injury, disease, and aging. In regeneration, the damaged tissue is entirely replaced with new growth that restores the original architecture and function. In contrast, tissue repair usually results in a fixed tissue architecture involving scar formation. Scars generally do not reestablish tissue function and may also exhibit structural abnormalities at the injury site.
Regeneration
All animals have varying degrees of...
Chronic Inflammation: Introduction01:12

Chronic Inflammation: Introduction

Chronic inflammation is a prolonged, dysregulated immune response that persists for weeks to years when the inciting stimulus is difficult to eradicate or when self‑antigens drive ongoing reactivity. Morphologically, it is defined by mononuclear cell infiltration, progressive tissue destruction, and concurrent attempts at healing via angiogenesis and fibrosis. Compared with acute inflammation, edema is less prominent while cellular infiltration predominates; triggers include persistent...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Imaging Cell Membrane Injury and Subcellular Processes Involved in Repair
16:44

Imaging Cell Membrane Injury and Subcellular Processes Involved in Repair

Published on: March 24, 2014

Inflammation and repair mechanisms.

G Schett1, J Sieper

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine 3, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany. georg.schett@uk-erlangen.de

Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology
|October 14, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and ankyosing spondylitis (AS) are distinct inflammatory diseases. Differences in molecular pathways, particularly involving bone homeostasis molecules like sclerostin, offer new therapeutic targets for these rheumatic conditions.

Area of Science:

  • Osteoimmunology
  • Rheumatology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and ankyosing spondylitis (AS) are chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseases with different pathological mechanisms.
  • RA involves synovial inflammation and bone erosion, while AS inflammation occurs at the cartilage/bone interface, leading to new bone formation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the molecular mechanisms underlying inflammation and bone remodeling in RA and AS.
  • To identify key molecules involved in bone homeostasis that differ between RA and AS patients.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of molecular pathways in RA and AS.
  • Investigation of key molecules regulating bone homeostasis, such as sclerostin and dickkopf 1.

Main Results:

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Cell Membrane Repair Assay Using a Two-photon Laser Microscope

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Last Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Imaging Cell Membrane Injury and Subcellular Processes Involved in Repair
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Imaging Cell Membrane Injury and Subcellular Processes Involved in Repair

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Increased Recovery Time and Decreased LPS Administration to Study the Vagus Nerve Stimulation Mechanisms in Limited Inflammatory Responses

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Cell Membrane Repair Assay Using a Two-photon Laser Microscope
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Cell Membrane Repair Assay Using a Two-photon Laser Microscope

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  • Sclerostin and dickkopf 1, inhibitors of osteoblasts, are elevated in RA.
  • These bone-related molecules are found to be low in AS patients.

Conclusions:

  • Distinct molecular profiles in bone homeostasis exist between RA and AS.
  • The field of osteoimmunology provides insights into the pathogenesis of RA and AS, suggesting potential new therapeutic targets.