Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Hyperglycemia

Hyperglycemia

Hyperglycemia is an abnormally high blood glucose level. It is diagnosed by fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL, 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (or OGTT) ≥200 mg/dL, random glucose ≥200 mg/dL with symptoms, or HbA1c ≥6.5%. However, HbA1c results may be unreliable in certain conditions, such as anemia or hemoglobinopathies, and the diagnosis should be confirmed unless classic symptoms are present. Postprandial hyperglycemia is typically considered significant when glucose levels exceed 180 mg/dL two...

Hypoglycemia and Glucagon

Hypoglycemia and Glucagon

Without prolonged fasting, healthy individuals maintain blood glucose levels above 3.5 mM due to a well-adapted neuroendocrine counterregulatory system that effectively prevents acute hypoglycemia, a potentially life-threatening condition. The primary clinical scenarios for hypoglycemia encompass diabetes treatment, inappropriate production of endogenous insulin or insulin-like substances by tumors, and the use of glucose-lowering agents in non-diabetic individuals. Notably, hypoglycemia in the...

Hypoglycemia

Hypoglycemia

Hypoglycemia is a blood glucose level below 70 mg/dL. It commonly occurs in individuals using insulin or insulin-secreting drugs, but may also arise in non-diabetic conditions. People with type 1 diabetes are at the highest risk because they depend on exogenous insulin. People with type 2 diabetes are also at risk, especially when treated with insulin or medications such as sulfonylureas, which increase insulin release regardless of blood glucose levels. It develops when insulin levels exceed...

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...

Type II Diabetes Mellitus III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis

Type II Diabetes Mellitus III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis

Type 2 diabetes mellitus develops gradually and is often asymptomatic in early stages.Clinical ManifestationsWhen symptoms appear, they include fatigue, blurred vision, pruritus, delayed wound healing, and recurrent infections, particularly candidal infections. Peripheral neuropathy may present as numbness or tingling in the extremities. Classic hyperglycemia symptoms—polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia—are less common. Most patients are overweight and frequently have associated hypertension...

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Glinides

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Glinides

Repaglinide (Prandin) and Nateglinide (Starlix), known as glinides, are oral insulin secretagogues that stimulate insulin release from pancreatic β cells by closing the ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP channel). Repaglinide controls insulin release from pancreatic β cells by managing potassium efflux. It shares two binding sites with sulfonylureas and also has a unique site, indicating overlapping mechanisms of action. With a rapid onset and a 4-7 hour duration, it effectively manages...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Serum uric acid and its relationship with metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk profile in patients with hypertension: insights from the I-DEMAND study.

Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD·2014

Same author

Prospective appraisal of the prevalence of primary aldosteronism in hypertensive patients presenting with atrial flutter or fibrillation (PAPPHY Study): rationale and study design.

Journal of human hypertension·2012

Same author

The Medical and Endovascular Treatment of Atherosclerotic Renal Artery Stenosis (METRAS) study: rationale and study design.

Journal of human hypertension·2011

Same author

Oxidative stress-related proteins in a Conn's adenoma tissue. Relevance for aldosterone's prooxidative and proinflammatory activity.

Journal of endocrinological investigation·2009

Same author

High angiotensin II state without cardiac remodeling (Bartter's and Gitelman's syndromes): are angiotensin II type 2 receptors involved?

Journal of endocrinological investigation·2009

Same author

Myocardial perfusion defects in Bartter and Gitelman syndromes.

European journal of clinical investigation·2008

Same journal

Dysregulated growth hormone-insulin-like growth factor-1 axis in adults with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: a meta-analysis.

Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD·2026

Same journal

Inclisiran-will it fulfill its promise?

Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD·2026

Same journal

Incretin-based therapies and craving: a clinical signal pointing to reward reprogramming.

Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD·2026

Same journal

Joint associations of accelerometer-measured sleep duration and physical activity with cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality: a longitudinal cohort study.

Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD·2026

Same journal

Liver fibrosis, but not steatosis, provides incremental prognostic value beyond cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic staging.

Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD·2026

Same journal

Comment on "Temporal trends in hyperlipidemia among adults with diabetes mellitus, 1999-2024: Insights from the CDC WONDER database".

Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Glycemic Impact on Knee Osteoarthritis Symptoms on Physical, Radiographic, and Inflammatory Markers among Individuals Aged 50 and Over with Diabetes

Glycemic Impact on Knee Osteoarthritis Symptoms on Physical, Radiographic, and Inflammatory Markers among Individuals Aged 50 and Over with Diabetes

Published on: March 7, 2025

Glycaemic fall after a glucose load. A population-based study.

E Casiglia¹, V Tikhonoff, S Caffi

¹Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Chair of Internal Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy. edoardo.casiglia@unipd.it

Nutrition, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases : NMCD

|October 14, 2009

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

A blood glucose fall after an oral glucose load identifies a healthier population subgroup. This subgroup exhibits better insulin sensitivity and significantly lower coronary mortality risk.

More Related Videos

Glucose Uptake Measurement and Response to Insulin Stimulation in In Vitro Cultured Human Primary Myotubes

Glucose Uptake Measurement and Response to Insulin Stimulation in In Vitro Cultured Human Primary Myotubes

Published on: June 25, 2017

Randomized Controlled Trial to Study the Acute Effects of Strength Exercise on Insulin Sensitivity in Obese Adults

Randomized Controlled Trial to Study the Acute Effects of Strength Exercise on Insulin Sensitivity in Obese Adults

Published on: December 1, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Glycemic Impact on Knee Osteoarthritis Symptoms on Physical, Radiographic, and Inflammatory Markers among Individuals Aged 50 and Over with Diabetes

Glycemic Impact on Knee Osteoarthritis Symptoms on Physical, Radiographic, and Inflammatory Markers among Individuals Aged 50 and Over with Diabetes

Published on: March 7, 2025

Glucose Uptake Measurement and Response to Insulin Stimulation in In Vitro Cultured Human Primary Myotubes

Glucose Uptake Measurement and Response to Insulin Stimulation in In Vitro Cultured Human Primary Myotubes

Published on: June 25, 2017

Randomized Controlled Trial to Study the Acute Effects of Strength Exercise on Insulin Sensitivity in Obese Adults

Randomized Controlled Trial to Study the Acute Effects of Strength Exercise on Insulin Sensitivity in Obese Adults

Published on: December 1, 2023

Area of Science:

Endocrinology
Cardiovascular Medicine
Population Health

Background:

A blood glucose (BG) fall post-oral glucose load is not well-described at a population level.
Investigating this phenomenon could reveal insights into metabolic health and cardiovascular outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

To identify plasma glucose trends after an oral glucose load, specifically looking for a BG fall.
To assess the impact of such a BG trend on coronary mortality within a general population.

Main Methods:

Blood glucose and insulin levels were measured pre- and post-oral glucose load in an unselected population.
Discriminant analysis stratified participants into groups based on 1-hour BG relative to fasting BG.
Coronary mortality was monitored over a median of 18.8 years in age- and gender-matched cohorts.

Main Results:

Two distinct clusters emerged: Cluster 0 (1-h BG < fasting BG) and Cluster 1 (1-h BG ≥ fasting BG).
Cluster 0 subjects demonstrated superior insulin sensitivity, beta-cell function, lower adiposity, and reduced blood pressure.
Adjusted coronary mortality was 8 times lower in Cluster 0 compared to Cluster 1 (p<0.001).

Conclusions:

Two population clusters exist based on oral glucose load response, irrespective of age and gender.
Individuals with a post-load BG decrease represent a metabolically privileged subgroup.
This subgroup shows improved metabolic markers and significantly reduced coronary mortality risk.