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Related Concept Videos

Maintenance of the ES Cell State01:14

Maintenance of the ES Cell State

The cells of the blastocyst inner cell mass only remain pluripotent for a short time. This state of pluripotency and self-renewal can be maintained in embryonic stem (ES) cell culture by adding specific chemicals or growth factors to ensure the cells can continue dividing and later differentiate into different cell types. In some cases, the cells are grown on a feeder layer of differentiated cells, which provides the growth factors and extracellular matrix components necessary for stem cell...
Embryonic Stem Cells00:58

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.
Embryonic Stem Cells00:57

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
ES cells are grown in a culture medium where they can divide indefinitely, creating ES cell lines. Under certain conditions, ES cells can differentiate, either spontaneously into a variety of...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

MicroRNA Expression Profiles of Human iPS Cells, Retinal Pigment Epithelium Derived From iPS, and Fetal Retinal Pigment Epithelium
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MicroRNA Expression Profiles of Human iPS Cells, Retinal Pigment Epithelium Derived From iPS, and Fetal Retinal Pigment Epithelium

Published on: June 24, 2014

microRNAs regulate human embryonic stem cell division.

Junlin Qi1, Jenn-Yah Yu, Halyna R Shcherbata

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.

Cell Cycle (Georgetown, Tex.)
|October 14, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are crucial for human embryonic stem cell (hESC) proliferation. Introducing specific miRNAs, miR-195 and miR-372, can restore normal cell growth by regulating cell cycle genes.

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Oct4GiP Reporter Assay to Study Genes that Regulate Mouse Embryonic Stem Cell Maintenance and Self-renewal
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Differentiation of a Human Neural Stem Cell Line on Three Dimensional Cultures, Analysis of MicroRNA and Putative Target Genes
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Differentiation of a Human Neural Stem Cell Line on Three Dimensional Cultures, Analysis of MicroRNA and Putative Target Genes
10:48

Differentiation of a Human Neural Stem Cell Line on Three Dimensional Cultures, Analysis of MicroRNA and Putative Target Genes

Published on: April 12, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Stem cell biology
  • Molecular biology
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators of gene expression, influencing diverse physiological processes including cell division and differentiation.
  • Embryonic stem cells (hESCs) possess unique self-renewal and differentiation capabilities, making their regulatory mechanisms a significant area of research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of miRNAs in regulating cell division and renewal in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs).
  • To identify specific miRNAs and their target genes involved in controlling hESC proliferation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized RNA interference to silence DICER and DROSHA, essential enzymes in miRNA biogenesis, in hESCs.
  • Assessed the impact of miRNA pathway perturbation on hESC proliferation.
  • Restored cell growth by introducing mature miRNAs miR-195 and miR-372.
  • Analyzed the regulation of WEE1 and CDKN1A (p21) by these miRNAs.

Main Results:

  • Perturbation of the miRNA pathway in hESCs led to attenuated cell proliferation.
  • Introduction of miR-195 and miR-372 partially restored normal hESC growth.
  • miR-195 targets WEE1, a negative regulator of the G2/M transition, while miR-372 targets CDKN1A (p21), a G1/S transition inhibitor.
  • WEE1 levels dictate hESC division rate, and low p21 levels are essential for hESC proliferation.

Conclusions:

  • miRNAs play a critical role in maintaining hESC proliferation and self-renewal.
  • A model is proposed where miRNAs regulate negative cell cycle modulators (WEE1 and p21) at distinct cell cycle phases to ensure stem cell population replenishment.