Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 19, 2026
Implementation of a Real-Time Psychosis Risk Detection and Alerting System Based on Electronic Health Records using CogStack
Published on: May 15, 2020
The EssenCES measure of social climate: a preliminary validation and normative data in UK high secure hospital
Kevin Howells1, Matthew Tonkin, Christine Milburn
1The Peaks Academic and Research Unit, Rampton Hospital, Nottinghamshire, DN22 0PD, UK. kevin.howells@nottingham.ac.uk
Background:
The social climate of forensic units is important but little investigated, in part because of the unavailability of a clinically practical and statistically sound measure.
Aims:
To provide preliminary psychometric and normative data for the English version of the Essen Climate Evaluation Schema (EssenCES) in UK high-security hospital settings.
Method:
A total of 324 staff and patients from three high-security hospital services completed the EssenCES, and a subgroup completed a range of other questionnaires related to therapeutic milieu and working environment (GMI, WAAM, WES-10).
Results:
The original three-factor structure and satisfactory internal consistency were retained. The pattern of correlations between the EssenCES scales and other climate-related variables support the construct validity of the EssenCES measure, with the exception of the Patient Cohesion subscale.
Conclusions:
Although preliminary, these data suggest that the English version of EssenCES may be a valid tool for assessing the social climate of high secure hospital settings in the UK, but a larger research study is required, covering a wider range of psychiatric disorders, types of service and levels of security.
Related Concept Videos
01:08Obedience
01:23Ethical Standards II
Nurses are entrusted with upholding various ethical principles and standards. Nurses forge solid therapeutic relationships using trust, empathy, autonomy, confidentiality, and professional competence.
Confidentiality is crucial, embodying respect for individual privacy and...
01:20Sputum Studies II: Culture and Sensitivity
Sputum culture and sensitivity is a medical procedure used to diagnose bacterial infections in the respiratory tract and select the most appropriate antibiotics for treatment. This process involves analyzing sputum samples of thick and opaque secretions produced in the lungs and airways. These samples are collected from patients and then sent to the laboratory for analysis.
The test can identify various pathogens responsible for respiratory infections, including Streptococcus,...
01:21Impact of Social Context on Individuals
01:25Ethical Standards I
The Code of Ethics provisions outline the nurse's duty to the patient, the healthcare team, the profession, and society. The Code's fundamental principles include advocacy,...
01:22Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures
The best practices for preventing healthcare-associated infections include hand hygiene, patient risk...