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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Edema II: Pathophysiology01:18

Pulmonary Edema II: Pathophysiology

Pulmonary edema is the accumulation of fluid in the interstitial and alveolar spaces of the lungs, impairing gas exchange and oxygen delivery. It may be cardiogenic or noncardiogenic, but both reduce oxygenation and lung compliance.Cardiogenic Pulmonary EdemaCardiogenic edema results from increased hydrostatic pressure in pulmonary capillaries, usually due to left ventricular dysfunction from myocardial infarction, heart failure, or valvular disease. Ineffective cardiac pumping causes blood to...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology01:20

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) pathophysiology is intricate and multifaceted, involving a complex interplay of physiological processes. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for effectively managing and treating COPD. Here is an in-depth look at the critical elements in the pathophysiology of COPD:
Chronic Inflammation
Atelectasis II: Pathophysiology01:10

Atelectasis II: Pathophysiology

Atelectasis develops when alveoli lose their air and collapse inward. Because lung tissue is naturally elastic, these air sacs shrink rather than remaining open. Collapsed alveoli are no longer ventilated, reducing their role in gas exchange. Blood flow may continue in these regions, creating a ventilation–perfusion mismatch. Clinical findings include decreased breath sounds, dullness to percussion, reduced chest expansion, and decreased tactile fremitus as sound transmission through collapsed...
Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification01:26

Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification

Asthma is a prevalent chronic respiratory condition marked by inflammation and hyperresponsiveness of the airways. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among inflammatory pathways, immune responses, and neural mechanisms.
Additionally, environmental and genetic factors play crucial roles in determining an individual's susceptibility to asthma and the severity of their condition.
Critical processes in asthma pathophysiology include:
Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation01:17

Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation

In terms of human respiration, the act of expelling air, known as exhalation (or expiration), operates on the principle of pressure gradients. During expiration, the pressure within the lungs exceeds that of the surrounding atmosphere. Under normal conditions, quiet breathing involves passive exhalation and is free of muscular contractions. This is because the exhalation process is driven by the natural elastic recoil of the lungs and chest wall, both of which have an inherent tendency to...
Intestinal Obstruction II: Pathophysiology01:07

Intestinal Obstruction II: Pathophysiology

Intestinal obstruction triggers a series of physiological responses, starting with gas and fluid accumulation in the bowel segment proximal to the obstruction, leading to distension. This distended intestine compresses the diaphragm, hindering lung expansion and potentially leading to reduced respiratory effort, atelectasis, and pneumonia.To overcome the blockage, the gut intensifies contractions, causing colicky abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting, which reduces fluid and food intake and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Minimally Invasive Endoscopic Intracerebral Hemorrhage Evacuation
09:01

Minimally Invasive Endoscopic Intracerebral Hemorrhage Evacuation

Published on: October 15, 2021

Pathophysiology of evacuation disorders.

P J Lunniss1, M A Gladman, M A Benninga

  • 1Queen Mary University London, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK. p.j.lunniss@qmul.ac.uk

Neurogastroenterology and Motility
|October 15, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Evacuatory disorders involve complex mechanisms, but current understanding and diagnostic tests are limited. Despite challenges, recent advances offer improved therapeutic guidance for patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Colorectal Surgery
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Evacuatory disorders encompass a range of conditions affecting bowel movements.
  • Current understanding of the underlying physiological mechanisms is incomplete.
  • Existing diagnostic methods for evacuation disorders lack physiological relevance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on the mechanisms of evacuatory disorders.
  • To highlight the challenges in terminology and classification.
  • To discuss the implications of recent advances for patient management.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of contemporary research on evacuatory disorders.
  • Analysis of current diagnostic approaches and their limitations.
  • Synthesis of information on the physiological mechanisms of defecation.

Main Results:

  • Significant advances have been made in understanding defecation.
  • Confusion persists regarding terminology and classification of evacuatory disorders.
  • Current diagnostic tests are not fully physiological, hindering accurate assessment.

Conclusions:

  • Despite diagnostic limitations, current assessments can guide therapeutic interventions.
  • Further research is needed to refine understanding and classification.
  • Improved knowledge of mechanisms can lead to more targeted treatments for evacuatory disorders.