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Long-term Potentiation

Long-term Potentiation

Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre- and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.

Long-term Potentiation

Long-term Potentiation

Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Hebbian LTP
LTP can occur when presynaptic neurons...

Long-term Depression

Long-term Depression

Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Calcium Ion Concentration Mechanism
If over time, all...

Long-term Depression

Long-term Depression

Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.

Postsynaptic Potential (PSP)

Postsynaptic Potential (PSP)

Postsynaptic potential (PSP) refers to a change in the electrical potential of a neuron when neurotransmitters released by presynaptic neurons bind to postsynaptic receptors. This potential can either be excitatory, leading to depolarization and ultimately action potential generation, or inhibitory, leading to hyperpolarization and suppression of the postsynaptic neuron.
There are two types of receptors: ionotropic and metabotropic.
The ionotropic receptor is the membrane protein that has an...

Integration of Synaptic Events

Integration of Synaptic Events

Synaptic integration mainly includes the summation of graded potentials. Graded potentials, regardless of their type, cause subtle alterations in membrane voltage, resulting in either depolarization or hyperpolarization. These incremental changes, when combined or summed, can propel the neuron toward its threshold. Consider, for example, a membrane experiencing a +15 mV shift, causing it to depolarize from -70 mV to -55 mV. In this scenario, graded potentials govern the membrane's ability to...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

3D Modeling of Dendritic Spines with Synaptic Plasticity

3D Modeling of Dendritic Spines with Synaptic Plasticity

Published on: May 18, 2020

Spine modifications associated with long-term potentiation.

Yunlei Yang¹, Qiang Zhou

¹Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA.

The Neuroscientist : a Review Journal Bringing Neurobiology, Neurology and Psychiatry

|October 15, 2009

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Neuronal connection remodeling, particularly dendritic spine changes, is vital for brain development and learning. Advances in microscopy reveal spine remodeling

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Last Updated: Jun 19, 2026

3D Modeling of Dendritic Spines with Synaptic Plasticity

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Published on: May 18, 2020

Improved Preparation and Preservation of Hippocampal Mouse Slices for a Very Stable and Reproducible Recording of Long-term Potentiation

Improved Preparation and Preservation of Hippocampal Mouse Slices for a Very Stable and Reproducible Recording of Long-term Potentiation

Published on: June 26, 2013

Long-term Potentiation of Perforant Pathway-dentate Gyrus Synapse in Freely Behaving Mice

Long-term Potentiation of Perforant Pathway-dentate Gyrus Synapse in Freely Behaving Mice

Published on: November 29, 2013

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Cell Biology

Background:

Neuronal connections and structural modifications, like dendritic spine changes, are fundamental to nervous system development.
Synaptic plasticity, crucial for learning and memory, involves structural modifications at synapses, primarily on dendritic spines.

Purpose of the Study:

To review recent advancements in understanding spine remodeling.
To explore the functional roles of spine remodeling in synaptic plasticity.
To identify key unresolved questions in the field.

Main Methods:

Review of recent scientific literature.
Focus on fluorescence microscopy and molecular approaches.
Analysis of studies on spine remodeling and long-term potentiation.

Main Results:

Recent progress has significantly enhanced the understanding of spine remodeling.
Spine remodeling is closely associated with synaptic plasticity, particularly long-term potentiation.
Fluorescence microscopy and molecular techniques have been pivotal in these discoveries.

Conclusions:

Spine remodeling plays a critical role in the functional modifications of the brain.
Further research is needed to fully elucidate the functions of spine remodeling.
Key issues regarding spine remodeling mechanisms and functions remain to be resolved.