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Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Neural Correlates of Emotion Regulation

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Neural Correlates of Emotion Regulation

Published on: August 26, 2011

Understanding others' regret: a FMRI study.

Nicola Canessa¹, Matteo Motterlini, Cinzia Di Dio

¹Centro di Ricerca in Epistemologia Sperimentale e Applicata (CRESA), Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milano, Italy.

|October 15, 2009

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Observing others experience regret activates the same brain regions involved in feeling regret. This suggests a shared neural mechanism, or mirror-like system, for complex emotions beyond basic ones.

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Cognitive Psychology
Social Cognition

Background:

Understanding others' emotions often relies on a resonant neural mechanism, reactivating similar brain areas in the observer.
This mechanism has primarily been studied for basic emotions.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate if the resonant neural mechanism applies to complex, cognitively-generated emotions.
To examine the neural basis of understanding regret in others compared to experiencing it oneself.

Main Methods:

Utilized a gambling task to elicit regret.
Employed functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) to observe brain activity.
Compared neural activation during first-person regret experience and observation of others' regretful outcomes.

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Last Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Neural Correlates of Emotion Regulation

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Main Results:

Observing others' regretful outcomes activated specific brain regions: ventromedial prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, and hippocampus.
These are the same regions activated during the first-person experience of regret.

Conclusions:

The findings indicate that a mirror-like neural mechanism is involved in understanding complex, cognitively-based emotions like regret.
This extends the known role of resonant neural systems beyond basic emotional experiences.