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Aortic Regurgitation III: Medical Management

Aortic Regurgitation III: Medical Management

Aortic regurgitation (AR) is when the aortic valve does not close or seal properly, leading to backward blood circulation from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole. Common causes of AR include rheumatic heart disease, congenital valve defects, and aortic root dilation. Managing AR requires a multifaceted approach to alleviate symptoms, preserve left ventricular function, and address the underlying cause of the regurgitation. Patients with symptomatic AR or significant left...

Aneurysm III: Interprofessional Care

Aneurysm III: Interprofessional Care

Aneurysm management involves either conservative medical therapy or surgical intervention, depending on the size and symptoms of the aneurysm. Conservative management is generally reserved for smaller, asymptomatic aneurysms, while larger or symptomatic aneurysms often necessitate surgical repair.Conservative Medical TherapyFor small, asymptomatic aneurysms, particularly abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) less than 5.5 centimeters in diameter, conservative medical therapy is recommended. This...

Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction

Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction

IntroductionAortic regurgitation is characterized by the backward flow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole and arises from the improper closure of the aortic valve. This condition results in left ventricular volume overload and can stem from both acute and chronic etiologies, each contributing uniquely to the disease's progression and symptomatology.Acute and Chronic CausesAcute aortic regurgitation often results from events that suddenly impair the integrity of the...

Aortic Regurgitation IV: Nursing Management

Aortic Regurgitation IV: Nursing Management

A nurse managing a patient with aortic regurgitation begins with a comprehensive assessment, including a review of the patient's medical history, family history, and lifestyle factors. During the cardiac examination, the nurse listens for heart sounds and checks for signs of valve abnormalities. The nurse also observes for symptoms such as dyspnea, orthopnea, and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea and assesses the patient's endurance and daily activity tolerance.Based on the findings, the nurse...

Aortic Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

Aortic Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

Aortic valve regurgitation (AR) occurs when the aortic valve fails to close properly, allowing blood to flow backward from the aorta into the left ventricle. This backflow can result in two distinct clinical presentations: acute and chronic AR, each characterized by its own set of symptoms and physical findings.Acute Aortic RegurgitationAcute AR presents with a sudden onset of severe symptoms. Patients typically experience profound dyspnea (shortness of breath), chest pain, and signs of left...

Aneurysm IV: Nursing Management

Aneurysm IV: Nursing Management

Vigilant monitoring for aneurysm rupture is essential for patients undergoing aortic surgery.Preoperative Nursing ManagementContinuously monitor the patient for manifestations of aneurysm rupture, such as pallor, weakness, tachycardia, hypotension, abdominal, back, groin, or periumbilical pain, changes in consciousness, and a pulsating abdominal mass. Regularly assess the patient's peripheral pulses.Instruct the patient to consume a clear liquid diet the day before surgery and administer...

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Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Full-root Aortic Valve Replacement by Stentless Aortic Xenografts in Patients with Small Aortic Roots

Full-root Aortic Valve Replacement by Stentless Aortic Xenografts in Patients with Small Aortic Roots

Published on: May 21, 2017

[Aortic root replacement as redo operation].

Keiichi Tambara¹, A Amano

¹Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan.

Kyobu Geka. the Japanese Journal of Thoracic Surgery

|October 16, 2009

Summary

Redo aortic root replacement (ARR) after prior aortic valve replacement (AVR) or ARR is challenging but feasible. This study found no mortality in 12 redo ARR cases, highlighting successful outcomes for complex aortic root surgeries.

Area of Science:

Cardiovascular Surgery
Thoracic Surgery
Aortic Surgery

Background:

Aortic root replacement (ARR) following prior aortic valve replacement (AVR) or previous ARR presents significant surgical challenges.
Redo sternotomy and adhesions increase operative complexity and risk.

Observation:

This study reviewed 12 consecutive redo ARR cases (July 2002-June 2009) with no operative mortality.
Indications for redo ARR included aortic root/Valsalva sinus enlargement, prosthetic valve failure, perivalvular leak, infection, pseudoaneurysm, and bleeding.
Aortitis was also identified as a potential indication for ARR.

Findings:

Among 5 prior ARR cases, 4 had surgical site infections, with pseudoaneurysm or suture line bleeding necessitating reoperation in 3.
Among 6 prior AVR cases, indications included root enlargement, valve failure with pannus, and infection with perivalvular regurgitation.

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Pseudoaneurysm and prosthetic valve failure may be linked to infection.

Implications:

Redo aortic root surgery is a viable option for complex aortic pathologies, even after previous interventions.
Understanding the specific complications of prior AVR or ARR guides surgical planning for redo procedures.
Further research into the relationship between infection, pseudoaneurysm, and valve failure in aortic root surgery is warranted.