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Related Concept Videos

Master Transcription Regulators02:23

Master Transcription Regulators

Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
Master Transcription Regulators02:23

Master Transcription Regulators

Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
Pleiotropy01:33

Pleiotropy

Pleiotropy is the phenomenon in which a single gene impacts multiple, seemingly unrelated phenotypic traits. For example, defects in the SOX10 gene cause Waardenburg Syndrome Type 4, or WS4, which can cause defects in pigmentation, hearing impairments, and an absence of intestinal contractions necessary for elimination. This diversity of phenotypes results from the expression pattern of SOX10 in early embryonic and fetal development. SOX10 is found in neural crest cells that form melanocytes,...
Co-activators and Co-repressors02:04

Co-activators and Co-repressors

Gene transcription is regulated by the synergistic action of several proteins that form a complex at a gene regulatory site. This is observed in eukaryotes, where the regulation of gene expression is a complex process. Regulatory proteins in eukaryotes can broadly be classified into two types – regulators that bind directly to specific DNA sequences and co-regulators that associate with regulatory proteins but cannot directly bind to the DNA. These co-regulators are further divided into...
Co-activators and Co-repressors02:04

Co-activators and Co-repressors

Gene transcription is regulated by the synergistic action of several proteins that form a complex at a gene regulatory site. This is observed in eukaryotes, where the regulation of gene expression is a complex process. Regulatory proteins in eukaryotes can broadly be classified into two types – regulators that bind directly to specific DNA sequences and co-regulators that associate with regulatory proteins but cannot directly bind to the DNA. These co-regulators are further divided into...
Combinatorial Gene Control02:33

Combinatorial Gene Control

Combinatorial gene control is the synergistic action of several transcriptional factors to regulate the expression of a single gene. The absence of one or more of these factors may lead to a significant difference in the level of gene expression or repression.
The expression of more than 30,000 genes is controlled by approximately 2000-3000 transcription factors. This is possible because a single transcription factor can recognize more than one regulatory sequence. The specificity in gene...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

An Optimized Protocol for Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay Using Infrared Fluorescent Dye-labeled Oligonucleotides
09:58

An Optimized Protocol for Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay Using Infrared Fluorescent Dye-labeled Oligonucleotides

Published on: November 29, 2016

Scleraxis and E47 cooperatively regulate the Sox9-dependent transcription.

Takayuki Furumatsu1, Chisa Shukunami, Michiyo Amemiya-Kudo

  • 1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Science of Functional Recovery and Reconstruction, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan. matino@md.okayama-u.ac.jp

The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology
|October 16, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Scleraxis (Scx) and E47 enhance Sox9-dependent chondrogenesis by forming a transcriptional complex and binding to the Col2a1 promoter, clarifying their role in musculoskeletal development.

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Prediction and Validation of Gene Regulatory Elements Activated During Retinoic Acid Induced Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation
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Prediction and Validation of Gene Regulatory Elements Activated During Retinoic Acid Induced Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation

Published on: June 21, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 19, 2026

An Optimized Protocol for Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay Using Infrared Fluorescent Dye-labeled Oligonucleotides
09:58

An Optimized Protocol for Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay Using Infrared Fluorescent Dye-labeled Oligonucleotides

Published on: November 29, 2016

Prediction and Validation of Gene Regulatory Elements Activated During Retinoic Acid Induced Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation
09:07

Prediction and Validation of Gene Regulatory Elements Activated During Retinoic Acid Induced Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation

Published on: June 21, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Sry-type HMG box 9 (Sox9) is vital for chondrogenesis and mesenchymal condensation.
  • Scleraxis (Scx), a bHLH transcription factor, directs tendon and ligament progenitor differentiation.
  • The interaction between Sox9 and Scx in cellular lineage determination requires further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of Scleraxis (Scx) in Sox9-dependent transcription.
  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the cooperative action of Sox9 and Scx.

Main Methods:

  • Luciferase reporter assays to assess gene transcription.
  • Co-immunoprecipitation to identify protein interactions.
  • Chromatin immunoprecipitation to analyze DNA binding.

Main Results:

  • Sox9 and Scx synergistically activated alpha1(II) collagen (Col2a1) gene expression.
  • Scx and E47 formed a transcriptional complex with Sox9 and p300.
  • The Scx/E47 heterodimer bound to the E-box element in the Col2a1 promoter.

Conclusions:

  • Scx and E47 modulate chondrogenesis by interacting with the Sox9 transcriptional complex.
  • Scx/E47 binding to the Col2a1 promoter is a key mechanism in this process.
  • These findings provide new insights into the regulation of musculoskeletal development.