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Related Concept Videos

Enzyme-linked Receptors01:00

Enzyme-linked Receptors

Enzyme-linked receptors are proteins that act as both receptor and enzyme, activating multiple intracellular signals. This is a large group of receptors that include the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) family. Many growth factors and hormones bind to and activate the RTKs.
Neurotrophin (NT) receptors are a family of RTKs, including trkA, trkB, and trkC (tropomyosin-related kinase) receptors. TrkA is specific for nerve growth factor (NGF), neurotrophin-6, and neurotrophin-7. TrkB binds...
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Assembly of Signaling Complexes

Multiprotein signaling complexes are formed in a dynamic process involving protein-protein interactions at the cytoplasmic domain of transmembrane receptors or enzymatic and non-enzymatic proteins associated with the receptor. These complexes ensure the activation and propagation of intracellular signals that regulate cell functions.
Interaction domains in cell signaling
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Transducer Mechanism: Enzyme-Linked Receptors01:27

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Enzyme-linked receptors are cell-surface receptors acting as an enzyme or associating with an enzyme intracellularly. They make excellent drug targets. Drugs can bind to the extracellular ligand-binding domain or directly affect their enzymatic domain and alter their activity.
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Cooperative Allosteric Transitions01:58

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Cooperative allosteric transitions can occur in multimeric proteins, where each subunit of the protein has its own ligand-binding site. When a ligand binds to any of these subunits, it triggers a conformational change that affects the binding sites in the other subunits; this can change the affinity of the other sites for their respective ligands. The ability of the protein to change the shape of its binding site is attributed to the presence of a mix of flexible and stable segments in the...
Receptor Tyrosine Kinases01:26

Receptor Tyrosine Kinases

Receptor tyrosine kinases or RTKs are membrane-bound receptors that phosphorylate specific tyrosine on protein substrates. RTKs regulate cellular growth, differentiation, survival, and migration. They contain an extracellular ligand binding domain, a transmembrane domain, and a cytosolic tail with intrinsic kinase activity. Several extracellular signaling molecules activate RTKs in one or more ways and relay the signal downstream. Ligands such as platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) or...

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Transmembrane Domain Oligomerization Propensity determined by ToxR Assay
06:45

Transmembrane Domain Oligomerization Propensity determined by ToxR Assay

Published on: May 26, 2011

Chemokine receptor oligomerization: functional considerations.

Marcus Thelen1, Laura Martinez Muñoz, José Miguel Rodríguez-Frade

  • 1Institute for Research in Biomedicine, CH-6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland.

Current Opinion in Pharmacology
|October 16, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Chemokines, involved in immune responses, may function as dimers and their receptors form clusters. This study explores how these arrays impact chemokine signaling and cell behavior.

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Last Updated: Jun 19, 2026

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Published on: February 20, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Chemokines are chemoattractant proteins crucial for immune and inflammatory responses.
  • Chemokine signaling traditionally involves monomeric chemokines binding to monomeric receptors.
  • Emerging evidence suggests chemokines and their receptors can form dimers and oligomers, influencing biological responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the organization of chemokine receptor arrays on cell surfaces.
  • To determine the impact of ligand concentration and receptor expression on these arrays.
  • To understand how receptor clustering influences chemokine function and cell signaling.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing advanced microscopy techniques to visualize chemokine receptor organization.
  • Employing biochemical assays to study chemokine dimerization and receptor oligomerization.
  • Conducting cell-based assays to assess the functional consequences of receptor clustering.

Main Results:

  • Chemokine receptors form higher-order oligomers and distinct arrays on the cell surface.
  • Ligand availability and receptor expression levels modulate the formation and stability of these arrays.
  • Receptor clustering significantly impacts chemokine-mediated cell activation and migration.

Conclusions:

  • Chemokine receptor organization into arrays is a critical determinant of signaling efficiency.
  • Understanding these complex molecular assemblies provides new insights into chemokine-driven biological processes.
  • Targeting receptor clustering may offer novel therapeutic strategies for immune and inflammatory diseases.