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Related Concept Videos

Seizures ll: Types01:19

Seizures ll: Types

Seizures are sudden bursts of abnormal electrical discharge in the brain that interfere with normal function. They are commonly divided into three groups: focal seizures, generalized seizures, and other types that do not fit neatly into either category.Focal SeizuresFocal seizures begin in a single brain region. When awareness is preserved, they are called focal aware seizures and may cause sensations such as tingling, unusual smells, or flashing lights. When awareness is impaired, they are...
Functional Brain Systems: Limbic System01:15

Functional Brain Systems: Limbic System

The limbic system, often called the "emotional brain," is a complex set of structures located deep within the brain. The intricate network of the limbic system supports a wide range of psychological functions, from emotional regulation to memory formation and sensory processing. This functional brain region encompasses specific parts of the diencephalon and the cerebrum, integrating the higher mental functions of the cerebral cortex with the primitive emotional responses of the deep brain...
Seizures l: Introduction01:20

Seizures l: Introduction

Understanding seizures and epilepsy relies on key definitions that help in recognizing, classifying, and managing these disorders. These definitions provide a framework for recognizing, classifying, and managing seizure disorders.DefinitionsA seizure is a sudden, abnormal burst of electrical activity in the brain that can cause changes in awareness, movement, sensation, or behavior, depending on the area involved. Epilepsy is a chronic condition characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures,...
Seizures: Classification01:13

Seizures: Classification

Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
Seizures are typically classified into two main categories: focal and generalized seizures.
Focal Seizures
Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:

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Network Analysis of the Default Mode Network Using Functional Connectivity MRI in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
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Published on: August 5, 2014

Cortical deactivation induced by subcortical network dysfunction in limbic seizures.

Dario J Englot1, Badri Modi, Asht M Mishra

  • 1Departments of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.

The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience
|October 16, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Temporal lobe seizures may impair consciousness by disrupting subcortical brain networks, not directly affecting the cortex. This suggests subcortical areas could be therapeutic targets for preserving consciousness during seizures.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Epilepsy Research
  • Consciousness Studies

Background:

  • Normal consciousness relies on intact cortical and subcortical brain function.
  • Temporal lobe limbic seizures are known to impair consciousness, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear.
  • Previous models showed neocortical deactivation during seizures, but the specific pathways were not identified.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the neural pathways through which temporal lobe limbic seizures affect consciousness.
  • To determine if neocortical deactivation during seizures is a direct or indirect consequence of abnormal activity.
  • To identify potential subcortical targets for therapeutic interventions.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a rat model of electrically stimulated hippocampal seizures.
  • Employed functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to assess brain activity and cerebral blood flow (CBF).
  • Performed direct electrophysiological recordings and surgical transection of the fornix.

Main Results:

  • Seizures increased activity in subcortical areas (septal area, mediodorsal thalamus) and decreased activity in cortical regions.
  • Hippocampal seizures induced slow cortical oscillations and behavioral arrest, mimicking human seizure effects.
  • Stimulating the septal area alone caused cortical deactivation; fornix transection abolished these effects, implicating subcortical pathways.

Conclusions:

  • Limbic seizures likely impair consciousness indirectly via disruption of subcortical activating systems.
  • Subcortical networks, particularly those influenced by the hippocampus and septal area, play a critical role in maintaining consciousness.
  • Targeting these subcortical networks may offer a novel therapeutic strategy for consciousness preservation in temporal lobe epilepsy.