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Cooper pair splitter realized in a two-quantum-dot Y-junction.

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|October 16, 2009
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Summary
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Researchers created a novel Cooper pair splitter using superconductors and quantum dots to generate entangled electron pairs. This breakthrough enables the first solid-state tests of quantum non-locality and Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen paradoxes.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Mechanics
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Quantum Information Science

Background:

  • Non-locality, a key quantum mechanics feature, involves correlations in spatially separated quantum systems.
  • Experimental tests of non-locality using entangled photons are established, but solid-state electronic analogues are lacking.
  • Electrons in a Fermi sea hinder the generation and splitting of entangled electron pairs on demand.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally realize a tunable Cooper pair splitter for generating entangled electron pairs in the solid state.
  • To overcome the challenges of creating and manipulating entangled electrons within a macroscopic quantum ground state.
  • To enable future tests of the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) paradox and Bell inequalities using electrons.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing a superconductor as a source of Cooper pairs in a spin-singlet state.
  • Implementing controlled Cooper pair splitting by coupling the superconductor to two normal metal drain contacts.
  • Employing individually tunable quantum dots to enforce electron repulsion via Coulomb interaction and split Cooper pairs.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated the first experimental realization of a tunable Cooper pair splitter.
  • Achieved surprisingly high efficiency in splitting Cooper pairs into entangled electrons.
  • Established a viable method for generating entangled electron pairs in the solid state.

Conclusions:

  • The developed Cooper pair splitter provides an efficient source of entangled electrons.
  • This work paves the way for the first experimental tests of the EPR paradox and Bell inequalities in solid-state systems.
  • Opens new avenues for exploring quantum non-locality using mobile electrons.