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Related Concept Videos

Structural Protein Function01:56

Structural Protein Function

Structural proteins are a category of proteins responsible for functions ranging from cell shape and movement to providing support to major structures such as bones, cartilage, hair, and muscles. This group includes proteins such as collagen, actin, myosin, and keratin.
Collagen, the most abundant protein in mammals, is found throughout the body. In connective tissue, such as skin, ligaments, and tendons, it provides tensile strength and elasticity.  In bones and teeth, it mineralizes to form...
Studying the Cytoskeleton01:17

Studying the Cytoskeleton

The cytoskeletal architecture can be studied using different microscopic and biochemical techniques. Electron microscopy was instrumental in discovering the cytoskeletal architecture around the 1960s, which allowed obtaining structural information at a high-resolution level. However, the sample preparation procedure often limits this ability in biological samples. Several protocols have been developed over the years to optimize sample preparation. In one of the protocols known as rotary...
Intralumenal Vesicles and Multivesicular Bodies01:38

Intralumenal Vesicles and Multivesicular Bodies

Intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) are small vesicles 50-80 nm in diameter formed during the maturation of early endosomes. A specialized endosome containing numerous ILVs is called a multivesicular body (MVB). ILVs contain internalized molecules such as antigens, nucleic acids, proteins, and metabolites. Some of these molecules are released from the MVBs inside exosomes and are transported to other cells. Other MVBs contain molecules that are retained in the ILVs and are later degraded within the...
Tumor Progression02:07

Tumor Progression

Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...
Disassembly of Intermediate Filaments01:35

Disassembly of Intermediate Filaments

Intermediate filaments (IFs) do not undergo spontaneous disassembly. Enzymes, kinases, and phosphatases add and remove phosphates from specific sites to regulate their disassembly. The IF concentration in the cytoplasm also regulates the disassembly. If the concentration crosses a threshold, it activates the protein kinases in the vicinity, allowing the phosphorylation of IFs.
Keratin proteins, found at the cell periphery near cell junctions, undergo a cycle of assembly and disassembly. In Type...
Tumor Progression02:07

Tumor Progression

Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 18, 2026

A Simple Bioassay for the Evaluation of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
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[Progress of research on the expression and function of vimentin].

Hao Xiang Xu1, Yan Yan

  • 1Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, Dermatology department of Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, China.

Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao. Yi Xue Ban = Journal of Peking University. Health Sciences
|October 16, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Vimentin, a cytoskeleton protein in mesenchymal cells, is crucial for cell integrity. Recent research highlights its significant roles in cell adhesion, growth, apoptosis, signaling, and inflammatory responses.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Biochemistry

Context:

  • Vimentin is a key intermediate filament protein primarily expressed in mesenchymal cells.
  • Its expression and phosphorylation are tightly regulated by various cellular factors.
  • Historically viewed as a structural scaffold, vimentin's functional repertoire has expanded significantly.

Purpose:

  • To summarize recent advancements in understanding vimentin's expression patterns.
  • To review the multifaceted functions of vimentin in cellular processes.
  • To provide an updated perspective on vimentin's role beyond structural support.

Summary:

  • Vimentin, an intermediate filament protein, is central to mesenchymal cell structure and function.
  • Emerging evidence demonstrates vimentin's involvement in critical cellular activities including adhesion, proliferation, programmed cell death (apoptosis), signal transduction, and inflammatory pathways.
  • This review consolidates current knowledge on vimentin's regulation and diverse functional contributions.

Impact:

  • Enhances understanding of cytoskeletal protein functions.
  • Provides insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying cell adhesion, growth, apoptosis, signaling, and inflammation.
  • Highlights vimentin as a potential therapeutic target in various diseases involving mesenchymal cells.