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Related Concept Videos

Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
Lateralization01:28

Lateralization

Brain lateralization refers to the division of mental processes and functions between the two hemispheres of the brain, a phenomenon that optimizes neural efficiency and underpins complex abilities in humans. This specialization allows each hemisphere to perform tasks where it has a comparative advantage, facilitating more refined cognitive capabilities across different domains.
Tip-of-the-Tongue Phenomenon01:10

Tip-of-the-Tongue Phenomenon

The tip-of-the-tongue (TOT) phenomenon is a cognitive experience characterized by a temporary inability to retrieve specific information from memory despite having a strong feeling of knowing the information. Although individuals cannot access the target word or detail, they frequently recall related elements, such as its initial letter, syllable count, or context. This partial retrieval often causes frustration, as one might recognize a familiar face or know that a name starts with a specific...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Examining Bilingual Language Control Using the Stroop Task
05:31

Examining Bilingual Language Control Using the Stroop Task

Published on: February 26, 2020

Testing the double phonemic boundary in bilinguals.

Adrian Garcia-Sierra1, Randy L Diehl, Craig Champlin

  • 1The University of Texas at Austin, Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, College of Communication, 1 University Station A1100, Austin, TX 78712, United States.

Speech Communication
|October 16, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Bilinguals

Area of Science:

  • Psycholinguistics
  • Phonetics
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Language influences speech sound categorization.
  • Bilinguals may exhibit different speech sound categorization than monolinguals.
  • Bilinguals' phonemic boundaries might shift based on language context, a phenomenon known as the double phonemic boundary.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the double phonemic boundary phenomenon in Spanish-English bilinguals.
  • To compare phonemic boundary shifts in bilinguals and monolinguals across different language contexts.
  • To explore the relationship between language proficiency and phonemic boundary shifts in bilinguals.

Main Methods:

  • Participants included Spanish-English bilinguals (N=18) and English monolinguals (N=16).

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  • Participants categorized speech stimuli along a /ga/ to /ka/ continuum in two language contexts.
  • Phonemic boundary shifts and their correlation with language confidence were analyzed.

    • Main Results:

    • Phonemic boundary shifts were observed in both bilinguals and monolinguals, with no significant difference across language contexts.
    • The magnitude of phonemic boundary shifts in bilinguals correlated significantly with their confidence in using both English and Spanish.
    • No such correlation was found in monolinguals.

    Conclusions:

    • The study did not find evidence for differing phonemic boundary shifts between language contexts in bilinguals.
    • Language confidence, however, significantly influenced the degree of phonemic boundary shifts in bilinguals.
    • Challenges in testing the double phonemic boundary and methodological limitations were discussed.