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Related Concept Videos

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Glinides01:06

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Glinides

Repaglinide (Prandin) and Nateglinide (Starlix), known as glinides, are oral insulin secretagogues that stimulate insulin release from pancreatic β cells by closing the ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP channel). Repaglinide controls insulin release from pancreatic β cells by managing potassium efflux. It shares two binding sites with sulfonylureas and also has a unique site, indicating overlapping mechanisms of action. With a rapid onset and a 4-7 hour duration, it effectively manages...
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: α-Glucosidase Inhibitors01:19

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: α-Glucosidase Inhibitors

α-glucosidase inhibitors, including acarbose (Precose), miglitol (Glyset), and voglibose (Voglib) (primarily available in Asia), are drugs that control blood sugar levels by delaying the digestion of starch and disaccharides. They achieve this by inhibiting α-glucosidase enzymes in the intestine, which slow the absorption of carbohydrates in the intestine, which in turn leads to a prolonged release of the glucoregulatory hormone GLP-1 from intestinal L-cells.
Acarbose and miglitol are typically...
Hypoglycemia01:26

Hypoglycemia

Hypoglycemia is a blood glucose level below 70 mg/dL. It commonly occurs in individuals using insulin or insulin-secreting drugs, but may also arise in non-diabetic conditions. People with type 1 diabetes are at the highest risk because they depend on exogenous insulin. People with type 2 diabetes are also at risk, especially when treated with insulin or medications such as sulfonylureas, which increase insulin release regardless of blood glucose levels. It develops when insulin levels exceed...
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Biguanides and Glitazones01:26

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Biguanides and Glitazones

Biguanides, particularly metformin (Glucophage), are insulin sensitizers that enhance glucose uptake, thereby reducing insulin resistance. Unlike sulfonylureas, metformin doesn't prompt insulin secretion, which helps to curb hypoglycemia risk. Metformin is beneficial in treating conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome due to its insulin-resistance reduction capability. The drug's primary action involves curtailing hepatic gluconeogenesis, a significant contributor to high blood glucose levels...
Hypoglycemia and Glucagon01:15

Hypoglycemia and Glucagon

Without prolonged fasting, healthy individuals maintain blood glucose levels above 3.5 mM due to a well-adapted neuroendocrine counterregulatory system that effectively prevents acute hypoglycemia, a potentially life-threatening condition. The primary clinical scenarios for hypoglycemia encompass diabetes treatment, inappropriate production of endogenous insulin or insulin-like substances by tumors, and the use of glucose-lowering agents in non-diabetic individuals. Notably, hypoglycemia in the...
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Sulfonylureas01:17

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Sulfonylureas

Sulfonylureas are oral hypoglycemic agents utilized in treating type 2 diabetes. They are characterized by their unique sulfonylurea chemical structure. The family of sulfonylureas is divided into generations. First-generation sulfonylureas, including tolbutamide (Orinase), chlorpropamide (Diabinese), and tolazamide (Tolinase), trigger insulin release from pancreatic β cells and enhance peripheral tissues' insulin sensitivity. The second-generation members, such as glipizide (Glucotrol),...

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Corrigendum to "Clinical assessment and acceptance criteria for continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) system performance: A proposed guideline by the IFCC working group on CGM" [Clin. Chim. Acta 580 (2026) 120728].

Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry·2026
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Diabetes Technology Across the Lifespan of People With Diabetes (Ages 2-88 Years): Insights From the dt-Report on Usage Trends Across all Age Groups.

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Automated Insulin Delivery Systems: Impact on Clinical Practice, Discontinuation, Rejection, and Reasons for Not Managing Well.

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<i>Green</i> Diabetes: Already a Decisive Factor for or Against Technology for People Living With Diabetes?

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital
12:08

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital

Published on: June 11, 2012

[Oral hypoglycaemic agents in 2009].

Silvia Schwab1, Peter Diem

  • 1FMH für Innere Medizin und Endokrinologie/Diabetologie, Medizinische Klinik, Spital Region Oberaargau, Langenthal. s.schwab@sro.ch

Therapeutische Umschau. Revue Therapeutique
|October 16, 2009
PubMed
Summary

New oral hypoglycemic agents offer various treatment options for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Choosing the best medication requires understanding mechanisms, side effects, and advantages, alongside lifestyle changes for disease management.

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Diseases

Context:

  • Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) management has evolved with new oral hypoglycemic agents.
  • Six distinct classes of oral antidiabetic drugs are now available.
  • Selecting optimal T2DM pharmacotherapy presents a challenge due to drug diversity.

Purpose:

  • To review the mechanisms of action, side effects, advantages, and disadvantages of different oral hypoglycemic agents.
  • To guide the selection of appropriate medications for individual T2DM patients.
  • To emphasize the importance of lifestyle modifications in conjunction with pharmacotherapy.

Summary:

  • Discusses Biguanides, sulfonylureas, glinides, glitazones, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors.

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Studying the Hypothalamic Insulin Signal to Peripheral Glucose Intolerance with a Continuous Drug Infusion System into the Mouse Brain

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Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital
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Published on: June 11, 2012

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Studying the Hypothalamic Insulin Signal to Peripheral Glucose Intolerance with a Continuous Drug Infusion System into the Mouse Brain
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Studying the Hypothalamic Insulin Signal to Peripheral Glucose Intolerance with a Continuous Drug Infusion System into the Mouse Brain

Published on: January 4, 2018

  • Details the therapeutic profiles of each drug class.
  • Highlights that T2DM remains a chronic condition requiring comprehensive management.

    • Impact:

    • Informs clinical decision-making for T2DM treatment.
    • Underscores the necessity of integrating pharmacotherapy with lifestyle interventions.
    • Promotes preventative strategies like weight normalization and physical activity for T2DM prevention.