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Related Concept Videos

Upstream Processing01:27

Upstream Processing

Upstream processing represents a critical phase in biomanufacturing, wherein biological systems such as microorganisms, mammalian cells, or insect cells are cultivated to produce therapeutic proteins, vaccines, enzymes, or other biologically derived products. This phase encompasses all steps from the selection and genetic manipulation of the production organism to the cultivation of cells in bioreactors under tightly controlled environmental conditions.Host Selection and Genetic OptimizationThe...
Post-translational Translocation of Proteins to the RER01:27

Post-translational Translocation of Proteins to the RER

A sizable fraction of proteins destined for ER are first synthesized in the cell cytosol and then transported across the ER membrane–a process called post-translational translocation. Similar to cotranslationally translocated proteins, these proteins also use the Sec translocon complex to enter the ER lumen.
Targeting proteins to the ER
Hsp40 and Hsp70 chaperone molecules bind the translated proteins in the cytosol to prevent their folding. The chaperone binding helps to keep the signal...
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Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
Electron Carriers01:24

Electron Carriers

Electron carriers can be thought of as electron shuttles. These compounds can easily accept electrons (i.e., be reduced) or lose them (i.e., be oxidized). They play an essential role in energy production because cellular respiration is contingent on the flow of electrons.
Over the many stages of cellular respiration, glucose breaks down into carbon dioxide and water. Electron carriers pick up electrons lost by glucose in these reactions, temporarily storing and releasing them into the electron...

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Assembling Molecular Shuttles Powered by Reversibly Attached Kinesins
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Published on: January 26, 2019

Electron shuttles in biotechnology.

Kazuya Watanabe1, Mike Manefield, Matthew Lee

  • 1Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Komaba, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan. watanabe@light.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp

Current Opinion in Biotechnology
|October 17, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Electron shuttles (ESs) facilitate microbial energy metabolism and extracellular electron transfer. Supplementing ESs creates new microbial biotechnology applications, including bioremediation and microbial fuel cells.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Biotechnology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Electron shuttles (ESs), also known as redox mediators, are crucial for intracellular and extracellular electron transfer in microbes.
  • Microbes naturally use ESs for energy metabolism, transferring electrons between cells, substrates, and acceptors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the potential of artificially supplemented electron shuttles in microbial biotechnology.
  • To highlight how ESs can create novel electron flow pathways in microbial energy metabolism.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on electron shuttles and microbial electron transfer.
  • Analysis of established and potential applications of ESs in biotechnological processes.

Main Results:

  • Electron shuttles play a vital role in facilitating microbial electron transfer processes.
  • Artificial supplementation of ESs can engineer new routes for electron flow, enhancing microbial functions.

Conclusions:

  • Electron shuttles offer broad applicability for developing novel microbial biotechnology processes.
  • ESs are key to advancing applications such as bioremediation, dye decolorization, and microbial fuel cells.