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Related Concept Videos

DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle02:36

DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle

In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...
DNA Damage Can Stall the Cell Cycle02:36

DNA Damage Can Stall the Cell Cycle

In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...
The DNA Replication Fork01:02

The DNA Replication Fork

An organism’s genome needs to be duplicated in an efficient and error-free manner for its growth and survival. The replication fork is a Y-shaped active region where two strands of DNA are separated and replicated continuously. The coupling of DNA unzipping and complementary strand synthesis is a characteristic feature of a replication fork.   Organisms with small circular DNA, such as E. coli, often have a single origin of replication; therefore, they have only two replication forks, one in...
The DNA Replication Fork01:02

The DNA Replication Fork

An organism’s genome needs to be duplicated in an efficient and error-free manner for its growth and survival. The replication fork is a Y-shaped active region where two strands of DNA are separated and replicated continuously. The coupling of DNA unzipping and complementary strand synthesis is a characteristic feature of a replication fork.   Organisms with small circular DNA, such as E. coli, often have a single origin of replication; therefore, they have only two replication forks, one in...
Homologous Recombination02:31

Homologous Recombination

The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
Overview of DNA Repair02:25

Overview of DNA Repair

In order to be passed through generations, genomic DNA must be undamaged and error-free. However, every day, DNA in a cell undergoes several thousand to a million damaging events by natural causes and external factors. Ionizing radiation such as UV rays, free radicals produced during cellular respiration, and hydrolytic damage from metabolic reactions can alter the structure of DNA. Damages caused include single-base alteration, base dimerization, chain breaks, and cross-linkage.
Chemically...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Demonstration of the DNA Fiber Assay for Investigating DNA Damage and Repair Dynamics Induced by Nanoparticles
13:09

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HARPing on about the DNA damage response during replication.

Robert Driscoll1, Karlene A Cimprich

  • 1Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.

Genes & Development
|October 17, 2009
PubMed
Summary

The annealing helicase HARP (HepA-related protein) interacts with RPA, aiding DNA repair during replication stress. HARP deficiency causes sensitivity to DNA damage and impaired replication fork stability.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • DNA Repair Mechanisms
  • Cell Cycle Regulation

Background:

  • Replication stress poses a significant threat to genomic stability.
  • The DNA damage response (DDR) is crucial for maintaining genome integrity during S-phase.
  • Identifying novel proteins involved in DDR is essential for understanding cellular responses to genotoxic agents.

Discussion:

  • This study elucidates the role of the annealing helicase HARP (HepA-related protein), also known as SMARCAL1, in the DNA damage response.
  • HARP directly interacts with Replication protein A (RPA), a key ssDNA-binding protein.
  • Recruitment of HARP to sites of replicative stress is critical for maintaining genome stability.

Key Insights:

  • HARP binds directly to RPA, facilitating its recruitment to DNA damage sites.
  • Knockdown of HARP leads to hypersensitivity to DNA-damaging agents.
  • Loss of HARP function results in defects in replication fork stability and restart, highlighting its critical role in S-phase checkpoint control.

Outlook:

  • Further investigation into HARP's precise mechanism of action in DNA repair is warranted.
  • Understanding HARP's role could lead to novel therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment.
  • HARP represents a promising new target for modulating cellular responses to DNA damage.