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Related Concept Videos

Synteny and Evolution02:31

Synteny and Evolution

John H. Renwick first coined the term “synteny” in 1971, which refers to the genes present on the same chromosomes, even if they are not genetically linked. The species with common ancestry tend to show conserved syntenic regions. Therefore, the concept of synteny is nowadays used to describe the evolutionary relationship between species.
Around 80 million years ago, the human and mice lineages diverged from the common ancestor. During the course of evolution, the ancestral chromosome underwent...
Multi-species Conserved Sequences02:51

Multi-species Conserved Sequences

Next-generation sequencing technologies have created large genomic databases of a variety of animals and plants. Ever since the human genome project was completed, scientists studied the genome of primates, mammals, and other phylogenetically distant living beings. Such large-scale  studies have provided new insights into the evolutionary relationship between organisms.
Although the genome of each species varies greatly from each other, a few sequences are highly conserved. Such conserved DNA...
Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons02:54

Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons

Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
Trihybrid Crosses02:27

Trihybrid Crosses

Trihybrid Crosses
Some of Mendel’s crosses examined three pairs of contrasting characteristics. Such a cross is called a trihybrid cross. A trihybrid cross is a combination of three individual monohybrid crosses. For example, plant height (tall vs. short), seed shape (round vs. wrinkled), and seed color (yellow vs. green).
The F1 generation plants of a trihybrid cross are heterozygous for all three traits and produce eight gametes. Upon self-fertilization, these gametes have an equal chance to...
Hybrid Zones02:29

Hybrid Zones

Hybrid zones are narrow regions where two closely related species interact, mate, and produce hybrids. Relative to either parent species, hybrids may possess distinct phenotypic or genetic differences that impact their survival and reproductive success. The genetic variances introduced by hybridization influence species diversity and speciation processes within the hybrid zone.Gene flow and natural selection are evolutionary mechanisms that shape the outcome of a hybrid zone. Gene flow...

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Navigating MARRVEL, a Web-Based Tool that Integrates Human Genomics and Model Organism Genetics Information
09:37

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Published on: August 15, 2019

MizBee: a multiscale synteny browser.

Miriah Meyer1, Tamara Munzner, Hanspeter Pfister

  • 1Harvard University, USA. miriah@seas.harvard.edu

IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
|October 17, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Scientists developed MizBee, a multiscale synteny browser, to visualize conserved syntenic blocks and their evolutionary relationships across different scales. This tool aids in understanding genomic function and evolution through interactive, side-by-side data views.

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Area of Science:

  • Comparative genomics
  • Bioinformatics
  • Evolutionary biology

Background:

  • Comparative genomics utilizes genome comparisons to understand evolution and genomic function.
  • Conserved syntenic blocks are key indicators of shared genomic sequences across species.
  • Visualizing complex genomic relationships at multiple scales presents a significant challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a visually comprehensible method for displaying multiple relationship types across multiple scales in genomic data.
  • To characterize fundamental biological questions in comparative genomics through relationship types (proximity, size, orientation, similarity) and scales (genome, chromosome, block, feature).
  • To propose a novel taxonomy for visually encoding genomic conservation data.

Main Methods:

  • A task analysis was performed to categorize biological questions in comparative genomics.
  • A new design space taxonomy for visualizing conservation data was proposed.
  • MizBee, a multiscale synteny browser, was developed with interactive side-by-side views.
  • Case studies with biologists were conducted to evaluate MizBee's efficacy.

Main Results:

  • MizBee enables interactive, multiscale visualization of conserved syntenic blocks.
  • The system supports the exploration of various relationship types (proximity, size, orientation, similarity) across different genomic scales.
  • Biologists used MizBee to enhance automated analysis workflows and gain insights into syntenic data.

Conclusions:

  • MizBee effectively visualizes syntenic data and aids in analyzing conservation relationships.
  • The tool supports the communication of scientific insights derived from comparative genomics.
  • Interactive, multiscale visualization is crucial for advancing the understanding of genome evolution and function.