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Related Concept Videos

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure01:03

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure

The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
Olfaction01:25

Olfaction

The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Minimally Invasive Thumb-sized Pterional Craniotomy for Surgical Clip Ligation of Unruptured Anterior Circulation Aneurysms
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Published on: August 11, 2015

Olfactory dysfunction after ipsilateral and contralateral pterional approaches for cerebral aneurysms.

Jaechan Park1, Sun-Ho Lee, Dong-Hun Kang

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea. jparkmd@hotmail.com

Neurosurgery
|October 17, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Olfactory dysfunction is common after pterional approaches for anterior circulation aneurysms, especially with contralateral or anterior communicating artery (AComA) approaches. Older age (55+) is a significant risk factor.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurosurgery
  • Neurology
  • Otolaryngology

Background:

  • Olfactory dysfunction is a potential complication of neurosurgical procedures.
  • The pterional approach is frequently used for anterior circulation aneurysms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the incidence of olfactory dysfunction following contralateral or ipsilateral pterional approaches for anterior circulation aneurysms.
  • To identify risk factors associated with post-operative olfactory dysfunction.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 189 patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage treated with pterional approaches.
  • Categorization into contralateral pterional approach, pterional approach for AComA aneurysm, and ipsilateral pterional approach for other anterior circulation aneurysms.
  • Assessment of olfactory function using questionnaires and Sniffin' Sticks tests 12-38 months post-surgery.

Main Results:

  • High incidence of olfactory dysfunction: 58% (contralateral), 14% (AComA), and 4% (ipsilateral).
  • Patients aged 55 years and older had a significantly higher incidence of olfactory dysfunction.
  • No significant influence of aneurysm size or location on olfactory dysfunction incidence in the contralateral group.

Conclusions:

  • Contralateral pterional approach and pterional approach for AComA aneurysms are associated with a higher risk of olfactory dysfunction.
  • Advanced age (≥55 years) is a key risk factor for olfactory dysfunction after these procedures.