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Related Concept Videos

Cell Specific Gene Expression01:58

Cell Specific Gene Expression

Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...
Master Transcription Regulators02:23

Master Transcription Regulators

Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
General Transcription Factors01:30

General Transcription Factors

Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
Cell Specific Gene Expression01:58

Cell Specific Gene Expression

Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...
Maintenance of the ES Cell State01:14

Maintenance of the ES Cell State

The cells of the blastocyst inner cell mass only remain pluripotent for a short time. This state of pluripotency and self-renewal can be maintained in embryonic stem (ES) cell culture by adding specific chemicals or growth factors to ensure the cells can continue dividing and later differentiate into different cell types. In some cases, the cells are grown on a feeder layer of differentiated cells, which provides the growth factors and extracellular matrix components necessary for stem cell...
Cellular Differentiation00:57

Cellular Differentiation

How does a complex organism such as a human develop from a single cell? It all starts from a single fertilized egg which gives rise to a vast array of cell types, such as nerve cells, muscle cells, and epithelial cells that characterize the adult? Throughout development and adulthood, cellular differentiation leads cells to assume their final morphology and physiology. Differentiation is the process by which unspecialized cells become specialized to carry out distinct functions.
A zygote is a...

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High Efficiency Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells to Cardiomyocytes and Characterization by Flow Cytometry
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Published on: September 23, 2014

Expression quantitative trait loci are highly sensitive to cellular differentiation state.

Alice Gerrits1, Yang Li, Bruno M Tesson

  • 1Department of Cell Biology, Section Stem Cell Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.

Plos Genetics
|October 17, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Genetical genomics reveals that most gene expression differences are specific to cell type. Understanding these dynamic expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) across cell populations is crucial for mapping gene regulation.

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Genomics
  • Systems Biology

Background:

  • Genetical genomics maps gene expression variation to expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs).
  • Understanding eQTLs across different cell types is essential for deciphering gene regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the robustness and cell-type specificity of eQTLs in hematopoietic stem cells.
  • To analyze how eQTLs vary across distinct, yet related, hematopoietic cell populations.

Main Methods:

  • Performed a genetical genomics experiment using the BXD panel of recombinant inbred mouse strains.
  • Isolated and analyzed four distinct hematopoietic cell populations (stem, progenitor, erythroid, myeloid).
  • Identified and characterized both static and dynamic eQTLs across these cell types.

Main Results:

  • Identified 365 static eQTLs active in all four cell types.
  • Discovered 1,283 dynamic eQTLs exhibiting cell-type-dependent activity.
  • Found cell-type specificity often correlated with target gene expression changes, not distinct regulatory networks.

Conclusions:

  • Heritable gene expression differences are highly sensitive to cellular developmental stage.
  • Future genetical genomics studies require multiple, well-defined cell types for comprehensive regulatory network analysis.