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Related Concept Videos

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation02:19

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation

The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent years,...
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The circadian—or biological—clock is an intrinsic, timekeeping, molecular mechanism that allows plants to coordinate physiological activities over 24-hour cycles called circadian rhythms. Photoperiodism is a collective term for the biological responses of plants to variations in the relative lengths of dark and light periods. The period of light-exposure is called the photoperiod.
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In the real world, oscillations seldom follow true simple harmonic motion. A system that continues its motion indefinitely without losing its amplitude is termed undamped. However, friction of some sort usually dampens the motion, so it fades away or needs more force to continue. For example, a guitar string stops oscillating a few seconds after being plucked. Similarly, one must continually push a swing to keep a child swinging on a playground.
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Stability is an important concept in oscillation. If an equilibrium point is stable, a slight disturbance of an object that is initially at the stable equilibrium point will cause the object to oscillate around that point. For an unstable equilibrium point, if the object is disturbed slightly, it will not return to the equilibrium point. There are three conditions for equilibrium points—stable, unstable, and half-stable. A half-stable equilibrium point is also unstable, but is named so because...
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An idealized LC circuit of zero resistance can oscillate without any source of emf by shifting the energy stored in the circuit between the electric and magnetic fields. In such an LC circuit, if the capacitor contains a charge q before the switch is closed, then all the energy of the circuit is initially stored in the electric field of the capacitor. This energy is given by

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Monitoring Cell-autonomous Circadian Clock Rhythms of Gene Expression Using Luciferase Bioluminescence Reporters
10:38

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Published on: September 27, 2012

'Glocal' robustness analysis and model discrimination for circadian oscillators.

Marc Hafner1, Heinz Koeppl, Martin Hasler

  • 1School of Computer and Communication Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.

Plos Computational Biology
|October 17, 2009
PubMed
Summary

We developed a new method to analyze complex cellular circuits and their robustness. This approach reveals that the two-site phosphorylation model of the KaiC protein is more robust than autocatalytic models.

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Area of Science:

  • Systems Biology
  • Computational Biology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Characterizing cellular circuits with numerous unknown parameters is a significant challenge in systems biology.
  • The complexity of these circuits increases exponentially with the number of components, hindering analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel computational method for analyzing the behavior and robustness of high-dimensional cellular circuits.
  • To identify parameter space regions corresponding to observed circuit behaviors and assess circuit robustness.

Main Methods:

  • A 'glocal' (global and local) analysis approach combining Monte Carlo sampling guided by principal component analysis (PCA).
  • Global analysis identifies regions of parameter space for desired behavior.
  • Local analysis quantifies robustness for sampled parameter sets against perturbations and molecular noise.

Main Results:

  • Applied to cyanobacterial circadian oscillator models, the two-site phosphorylation architecture of KaiC protein is significantly more robust than autocatalytic models.
  • Robustness was assessed using five quantifiers, including parameter perturbations and molecular noise.
  • The glocal method identified architectural origins of high/low robustness and potential causes.

Conclusions:

  • The developed glocal analysis method effectively characterizes cellular circuit behavior and robustness in high-dimensional parameter spaces.
  • The two-site phosphorylation model exhibits superior robustness compared to autocatalytic models for the cyanobacterial circadian oscillator.
  • This approach aids in understanding the architectural basis of robust biological systems and designing experiments to differentiate models.