Flexion-extension gaps balanced using navigation assistance in TKA.

Area of Science:

• Orthopedic Surgery
• Biomechanical Engineering
• Medical Navigation Technology

Background:

• Achieving balanced flexion-extension gaps is crucial for optimal outcomes in total knee arthroplasty (TKA).
• Preoperative factors like extension lag can influence gap balancing.
• Accurate gap management is essential for implant longevity and patient function.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the accuracy of a navigation system in balancing soft tissue and flexion-extension gaps during primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA).
• To assess the effectiveness of the gap technique combined with navigation for achieving balanced joint spaces.

Main Methods:

• A prospective study involving 112 primary total knee arthroplasties (TKAs).
• Utilized a navigation system alongside the gap technique for surgical guidance.
• Measured flexion-extension gaps before femoral cutting (precutting) and before prosthesis insertion (final).

Main Results:

• Balanced final flexion-extension gaps were achieved in 93.8% (105 out of 112 knees).
• Balanced precutting flexion-extension gaps were observed in 40.2% (45 out of 112 knees).
• Preoperative extension lag was identified as a cause for tight precutting extension gaps.

Conclusions:

• Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) using the gap technique with navigation is an effective method for achieving balanced flexion-extension gaps.
• Navigation technology enhances the precision of gap balancing in TKA surgery.
• Addressing preoperative limitations like extension lag is important for initial gap balance.