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Related Concept Videos

Cholecystitis01:20

Cholecystitis

Cholecystitis is inflammation of the gallbladder, most commonly caused by obstruction of the cystic duct. This blockage prevents bile from draining, leading to gallbladder distension, inflammation, and potentially serious complications. This condition may present acutely or chronically and can happen with or without gallstones.EtiologyAbout 95% of cholecystitis cases are calculous, caused by gallstones blocking the cystic duct, leading to bile accumulation and inflammation of the gallbladder...
Jaundice01:25

Jaundice

Jaundice, or icterus, is the yellow discoloration of the skin, sclerae, and mucous membranes. It happens when plasma bilirubin levels rise above 2.5-3 mg/dL, leading to bilirubin deposition in tissue.Bilirubin is a byproduct of hemoglobin degradation. In macrophages, hemoglobin breaks down into globin and heme. Globin is converted into amino acids, while heme is turned into biliverdin by heme oxygenase, which is then reduced to unconjugated bilirubin by biliverdin reductase.Unconjugated...
Chronic Pancreatitis II: Pathophysiology01:21

Chronic Pancreatitis II: Pathophysiology

Chronic pancreatitis is a progressive and irreversible inflammation of the pancreas, most often caused by long-term alcohol abuse, but it can also be related to ductal obstruction, smoking, or genetic factors.Chronic pancreatitis occurs when the pancreas is repeatedly exposed to harmful agents like alcohol, smoking, ductal obstruction, or genetic predisposition. These factors lead to the release of toxic metabolites and inflammatory cytokines, sustaining chronic inflammation in the pancreatic...
Cirrhosis I: Introduction01:23

Cirrhosis I: Introduction

Cirrhosis is a chronic, irreversible liver disease characterized by the widespread replacement of healthy liver tissue with fibrotic scar tissue and the formation of regenerative nodules.Etiology of cirrhosisCirrhosis results from sustained liver injury that triggers progressive fibrosis and structural remodeling. The underlying causes are diverse, encompassing common and less frequent clinical conditions. Regardless of the origin, all causes lead to chronic inflammation, hepatocyte loss, and...
Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:24

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

The pancreas, an elongated and flat gland situated behind the stomach, serves a vital function in digesting food and managing blood sugar levels.
Pancreatitis is the inflammation of the pancreas, which occurs when the immune system becomes active and causes swelling, pain, and disruptions in organ function. Pancreatitis can manifest as either an acute or chronic condition.
Acute pancreatitis arises suddenly and lasts for a brief duration, while chronic pancreatitis is a long-term affliction...
Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:25

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Chronic pancreatitis is a long-standing, relapsing inflammation of the pancreas, characterized by irreversible damage to the gland. It results in progressive destruction of the pancreatic parenchyma, fibrosis, and eventual loss of both exocrine and endocrine function. The disease may evolve gradually after multiple episodes of acute pancreatitis or develop independently.EtiologyChronic pancreatitis can arise from a variety of causes:Alcohol use is the leading cause, accounting for 70–80% of...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Cheek Injection Model for Simultaneous Measurement of Pain and Itch-related Behaviors
04:59

Cheek Injection Model for Simultaneous Measurement of Pain and Itch-related Behaviors

Published on: September 27, 2019

[Pruritus associated with cholestasis].

Alvaro Terán1, Emilio Fábrega, Fernando Pons-Romero

  • 1Servicio de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Cantabria, España. altelan@hotmail.com

Gastroenterologia Y Hepatologia
|October 20, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pruritus, or itching, is common in cholestasis. Increased endogenous opioids are a likely cause, and treatments like ursodeoxycholic acid show promise for managing this symptom.

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Bile Duct Ligation in Mice: Induction of Inflammatory Liver Injury and Fibrosis by Obstructive Cholestasis
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Last Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Cheek Injection Model for Simultaneous Measurement of Pain and Itch-related Behaviors
04:59

Cheek Injection Model for Simultaneous Measurement of Pain and Itch-related Behaviors

Published on: September 27, 2019

Bile Duct Ligation in Mice: Induction of Inflammatory Liver Injury and Fibrosis by Obstructive Cholestasis
08:56

Bile Duct Ligation in Mice: Induction of Inflammatory Liver Injury and Fibrosis by Obstructive Cholestasis

Published on: February 10, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Hepatology and Gastroenterology
  • Neuroscience
  • Dermatology

Context:

  • Cholestatic disorders frequently cause significant pruritus (itching).
  • Pruritus in cholestasis exhibits considerable interindividual variability.
  • Clinical evaluation involves assessing skin lesions and using visual analogue scales.

Purpose:

  • To explore the pathophysiology of pruritus in cholestatic disorders.
  • To understand the neural pathways involved in pruritus.
  • To review effective treatments for cholestatic pruritus.

Summary:

  • The pruritoceptive pathway shares similarities with the nociceptive pathway but has unique features, including specific neurotransmitters like G-protein coupled receptors (GPR).
  • Endogenous opioids are implicated in cholestatic pruritus, with increased levels hypothesized as a key mechanism.
  • Several treatments, including anion exchange resins, rifampicin, opioid antagonists, and ursodeoxycholic acid, have demonstrated efficacy.

Impact:

  • Advances in understanding pruritus pathophysiology offer new avenues for therapeutic development.
  • Effective management of cholestatic pruritus improves patient quality of life.
  • Ursodeoxycholic acid is particularly beneficial for intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy.